京津风沙源治理工程效益分析

国家林业局经济发展研究中心对京津风沙源治理工程进行了连续7年的跟踪监测,结果表明:京津工程进展顺利,工程在林业建设、农业措施、水利设施以及生态移民等方面的任务完成情况良好.但是,工程建设也面临一些问题:缺少管护经费、林牧矛盾突出、林业产出缺少政策扶持等.针对以上问题,提出增加管护经费、调整工程规划等政策建议.     

美国教师教育体制新探

美国教师教育体制在长期的发展过程中表现出了以严格而又灵活的教师资格准入制度、方案批准为纽带的教师质量提高机制以及有机联动的一体化培养模式等特征,这对于我国探索本科和硕士有机结合的教师教育体制、研究性实习机制以及教师质量保障体系有很大的借鉴意义。     

《纲要》与《指南》导向的游戏课程化

幼儿园课程是促进儿童学习与发展的过程,因此,游戏作为最适宜学前儿童发展的方式,必然居于课程中的基础地位。游戏不断进入并居于课程中心位置的过程,即游戏课程化。游戏课程化是为了儿童获得更好的学习与发展,获得适应未来社会的素养的过程。这一过程会对幼儿园教育实践的模式和幼儿教师培养的模式带来巨大的变革。     

工作—家庭关系理论与工作家庭平衡计划

工作—家庭关系是影响雇员职业生涯发展与个人家庭幸福的重要因素。制定良好的工作家庭平衡计划已成为当前人力资源管理与职业生涯管理的重要内容。本文在对以往的工作家庭关系理论进行评价基础上,借鉴上述理论,分别从组织及个人的角度,提出了有关工作家庭平衡的工具与平衡措施。     

Goal-oriented evaluation for program planning: A case study

Utilizing a contextual model of evaluation, a goal-oriented method was applied to the Health Psychology program, a doctoral program in its early stages at the University of California, San Francisco. There were five stages involved in implementing this method: (1) clarification of the goals and objectives of the program, (2) prioritizing the objectives, (3) judging the attainment of the objectives, (4) organization of faculty/student input, and (5) feedback to the program management. All faculty members and students were invited to participate as selfevaluators in this evaluation effort. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the faculty group and the student group on their ranking and rating of the importance of specific educational and resource objectives. A one year follow-up was obtained by interviewing the director of the program to assess the impact of the project on program planning. The advantages and disadvantages of the approach were discussed in light of this attempt to analyze a new educational program.     

School dropouts—They are not what they seem to be

Twenty-one ninth grade students at Carrigan Middle School identified as potential dropouts were divided into three equal groups, two experimental (GI and GII) and one control (GIII). The experimental groups were enrolled in the Positive Learning Program (PLP), a supportive program for potential dropouts. All groups were academically profiled for the past five years. All Ss retained their original major classes and teachers. The experimental groups, however, reported to the PLP teacher for homeroom and study. During these periods the students received academic and social support. Academics, attendance, and behavior were measured over three marking periods. The results showed significant improvement in academic performance. Although significance was not realized for attendance and behavior, there was a significant interaction indicating a change over time. It was also found that profiling could be used as a measure to identify potential dropouts.     

天保工程区后续产业发展的紧迫性和基本思路

天保工程自1998年正式启动实施以来,已经取得了阶段性成果。但由于天保政策设计中,后续产业发展的政策缺项,使工程区后续产业发展缓慢,尚未起到支撑工程区经济社会发展的作用,工程区落后的经济社会发展局面没有彻底改变。能否发展起与生态建设相协调的后续产业,不仅成为生态建设能否长期深入开展的关键,而且关系到国有林区的生存与发展,关系到工程区广大林农和林区职工的切身利益。本文围绕工程区后续产业发展的重要性和紧迫性,分析了后续产业发展存在的主要问题,提出了后续产业发展的思路和对策。     

新中国第一部宪法存疑——关于“五四宪法”历史地位的反思

当下对于"五四宪法"历史地位的定位和描述混淆不清。通过对"五四宪法"和《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》的文本的比较分析,研究"五四宪法"的性质及其历史地位,认为"五四宪法"的制定和颁布不是制宪而是修宪,其历史地位不是"新中国第一部宪法",而应当是"中国第一部社会主义(性质的)宪法"。     

污染防治攻坚战中数量型环境规制优化

2020年完成所有固定污染源排污许可证的核发,为优化数量型环境规制创造了条件。可是对比美国酸雨计划产生的巨大环境效应和高达1∶30成本收益比的经济效应,中国数量型环境规制成效甚微。数量型环境规制按照等边际原则重新分配固定污染源的排污许可证数量,将实现总量控制下的费用最小化,给予固定污染源选择低成本减排路径的自由。可通过完善法律体系、健全市场机制、规范管理制度来优化中国数量型环境规制,具体路径为：提升排污交易法律位阶、分清环境监督管理职责、实行综合排污许可制度;科学设定总量控制目标、正确选择市场交易模式、合理分配初始排污权;明确准入标准和规范交易流程、完善监测系统和强化监督检查、严处违规排放和健全问责机制。