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41.
中国城市史研究具有悠久的历史文化传统,得到了现代诸多学科发展的推动和新兴的城市史学的影响。当今的中国城市史研究呈现出加速发展的趋势,并形成了城市历史地理和古都研究、城市社会史研究、城市文化史研究、城市经济史研究、比较城市史研究以及城市史学理论研究等热点专题领域。中国城市史研究的未来发展可从城市史学的学科建设、城市史研究视野的拓宽与领域的开拓、城市史的整体研究与跨学科研究等三个方面寻求突破。 相似文献
42.
贫困救助是我国社会服务的永恒主题,城市最低生活保障制度和农村五保制度为解决贫困问题提供了制度保障。但是,贫困是一个复杂的持续性的社会问题,社会保障政策的公共性与弹性要求以及社会的不断变迁,使得贫困救助需求的差异性和变化性难以得到有效满足。社区志愿服务以其贴近居民生活的服务特点,可以有效地填补社会救助政策的漏洞。本文描述了社区贫困家庭的现状及其特点,揭示了当前社区服务和社会政策存在的缝隙;立足社区贫困家庭的需要,提出了社区贫困家庭志愿服务应该提供的主要服务内容,寄望建设一个符合中国社会文化情境和具体家庭需求的社区贫困家庭志愿服务。 相似文献
43.
Matt Vassar 《Social indicators research》2008,86(1):47-57
The purpose of the present study was to meta-analytically investigate the score reliability for the Satisfaction With Life
Scale. Four-hundred and sixteen articles using the measure were located through electronic database searches and then separated
to identify studies which had calculated reliability estimates from their own data. Sixty-two articles met this criterion,
providing 76 reliability coefficients. The articles comprising the sample were next coded to identify potential sample or
test characteristics that might affect the variation in reliability estimates. Results indicate that score standard deviation,
mean, percent female, US samples, English test version, and youth samples demonstrated significant relationships with score
reliability. Results from this study provide useful information, in terms of scale performance, for researchers interested
in using the measure for future academic endeavors.
相似文献
Matt VassarEmail: |
44.
人类面对来自自身和环境的双重压力和挑战,无法回避城市化进程中的历史悖论,从城市空间架构的文化维度来审视城市的建设和发展,将具有重要的现实意义。城市文化空间由城市传统文化的历史空间、城市现实文化的多元化格局以及城市未来文化的伸展空间等方面构成,城市文化空间架构应注意城市空间的文化的绵延性、空间展开的多样性及其超时空性。 相似文献
45.
Conflicts in urban fringe in the transformation era: An examination of performance of the metropolitan growth management in Beijing 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
The performances of urban growth management are often criticized because their original objectives are frequently inconsistent with local development facts. Underlying the many reasons for this are the political and institutional contexts that influence policy-making and development activities. The urban fringe, a zone is managed to against urban sprawl in many countries, represents the conflicts between urban management system and local development resulting from political transformation. This study examines the case of decentralised-concentration strategy, one of the most important metropolitan growth management in Beijing since the 1990s, and sheds some lights on the performance of the growth management in the transformation context. The results suggest that the aims of municipal growth management to concentrate developments in urban fringe have partly been achieved through actual local developments; however, some unexpected and illegal local developments outside the planned areas are counterproductive from the perspective of municipal growth management. The performance of the present growth management is being challenged by new trends towards political decentralisation and locally fiscal responsibilities. In the interest of future policymaking, the dominant central planning system in Beijing should take these decentralisation trends into growth management account, compared with the great progress in decentralisation in economy system. The urban policy needs to shift from the dictatorial manner and put more efforts into creating a harmonious relationship between municipal growth management and actual local demands on development. 相似文献
46.
47.
Ecological research can augment restoration practice in urban areas degraded by invasive species—examples from Chicago Wilderness 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Liam Heneghan Lauren Umek Brad Bernau Kevin Grady Jamie Iatropulos David Jabon Margaret Workman 《Urban Ecosystems》2009,12(1):63-77
Urban biodiversity conservation needs a firm scientific foundation, one that draws upon active and regionally calibrated research
programs. Until recently this foundation has not existed. In this paper we examine the way in which the emerging discipline
of restoration ecology in an urban context can learn from the experiences of ongoing restoration projects and in turn how
novel insights from research of urban soils can help these projects define and reach their goals. Limitations on collaboration
between academic researchers and practitioners continues be problematic. We discuss a model whereby this impediment may be
removed. A case study of Rhamnus cathartica, an invader of Midwestern woodlands which modifies some important soil ecosystem properties will be used to illustrate the
potential for engagement between research and practice. 相似文献
48.
April Mills Tessa Francis Vivek Shandas Kara Whittaker Jessica K. Graybill 《Urban Ecosystems》2009,12(2):157-175
Urban development has profound impacts on ecological patterns and processes making the scientific information required for
developing environmental ordinances central for mitigating these negative ecological impacts. Washington State requires that
planners use the best available science (BAS) to formulate land use ordinances as part of the state’s Growth Management Act
(GMA). We present empirical findings describing challenges to planners in defining “best available science” and using BAS
to create local ordinances that balance development needs with natural resource protection. We interviewed city and county
planners (and their consultants) in western Washington to determine what they find useful about BAS, whether or not BAS is
applicable to their jurisdictions, and what constraints they experience in reviewing and using BAS to create or update their
land use ordinances. Our results suggest that applying the BAS requirement is particularly difficult in urban areas. Specifically,
planners had difficulty applying results from research conducted in systems dissimilar to their urban landscapes. These challenges
to planners were exacerbated by (1) a lack of resources and (2) political tensions among stakeholders with competing values
in urban settings. We conclude with recommendations for improving the consideration of science in statewide land-use planning. 相似文献
49.
Urbanization and development are predicted to increase considerably in the United States over the next several decades, and
this is expected to result in large-scale habitat loss, fragmentation and loss of wildlife species. Thus, natural parks and
preserves are becomingly increasingly important in the conservation of regional biodiversity. We used mist-nets and AnabatII
acoustic detectors to survey bats in 10 national parks in the southeastern U.S. and examined the relationship between bat
community structure and development in the surrounding 5 km. We predicted that species richness would increase with park size
and that species richness and evenness would decrease with development. Species richness was not related to development or
any other landscape characteristics including park size. In contrast, species evenness declined with increasing development.
Percent Developed land in the surrounding 5 km area was the only variable that entered into the stepwise regression model.
The decrease in species evenness in the urban parks was due to the dominance of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in these parks. The percentage of big brown bats in our captures was positively related to percent Developed land in the
surrounding area. Our data suggest that urban parks may be important for conserving regional bat biodiversity. However, the
low species evenness in these parks suggests that some bat species may be susceptible to the effects of urbanization and may
be extirpated over time. Thus, management of urban as well as rural parks should strive to conserve as much bat roosting and
foraging habitat as possible. 相似文献
50.
城市游憩空间关联于多个政府职能部门,因此只能获得破碎化的公共服务,导致大部分城市的游憩空间既不能很好地满足人的发展,也不能很好地满足旅游发展,整合分散在各部门的管理职能显得非常必要。为了探索整合方案,本文从价值取向(旅游发展取向与人的发展取向)、组织形式(集权-命令式与分权-协商式)展开分析,由此推导出四种可能的整合方案:一是相关职能划归旅游局,二是成立旅游局牵头的部际协商委员会,三是相关职能划归文化局,四是成立文化局牵头的部际协商委员会。各个城市政府可以根据自身的实际状况做出选择:闲暇旅游驱动型旅游城市可以选择第1种方案;商务旅游驱动型旅游城市可以选择第2种方案;非旅游型中小城市可以选择第3种方案;非旅游型大城市可以选择第4种方案。 相似文献