“面向未来30年的上海城市空间规划理念创新”研讨会评述

随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市有机疏散理论越来越引起人们的反思。弹性城市理论认为,高密度的城市其实更为集约、更具弹性。面向未来30年,人们对环境的适应能力以及生产技术水平、科学技术水平、生态修复水平和城市管理水平等都将不断提高,从而推动空间承载能力不断提高,城市空间规划理念应着眼于高密度发展和限制性发展相结合。为配合集约型城市空间规划战略,上海应以生态为出发点和落脚点进行空间规划,弱化小城镇的集聚发展,高起点定位未来新城发展。     

多维极化的测度:新的方法及其应用

鉴于现有多维极化测度方法未能体现维度之间的相关性,本文引入余弦相似度,并基于相对剥夺理论提出了新的多维极化测度方法。该方法还可以进行静态和动态分解,能够分析每个维度及其变动对多维极化的贡献率。运用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,本文从收入、财产、交通通信支出和受教育水平四个维度实证分析了我国城乡居民家庭之间的多维极化。实证结果表明,城乡长期多维极化呈现明显下降趋势,其中教育、交通通信支出和收入三个维度的极化效应是主要原因,而财产极化效应不利于多维极化的下降。     

家庭教育支出决定因素分析--来自中国城镇住户调查数据的经验证据

利用北京、辽宁、浙江、广东、四川与陕西2002年和2009年的城镇住户调查数据对家庭教育支出行为的决定因素和家庭教育支出的影响机制进行了实证检验与扩展分析。结论表明；（1）2002年家庭教育总支出的收入弹性大于2009年的家庭教育总支出收入弹性，且2002年的收入弹性大于1；家庭教育支出行为与户主年龄呈现显著的“U”型关系，且女孩比男孩获得更多的家庭教育资源；（2）各分项教育支出中，培训费支出受家庭可支配收入的影响最大；（3）城市人口规模与家庭教育支出之间呈现正相关关系；（4）总体而言，妻子对家庭教育支出的影响显著大于丈夫的影响，这主要体现在受教育年限方面。     

国际大都市战略规划案例剖析

随着全球化、信息化、网络化深入发展,城市发展也面临新的机遇和挑战,城市（包括城市圈区域）在国家和地区发展中的地位进一步凸显,国际大都市竞合格局发生了深刻变化.面对新的发展形势,处于不同发展阶段、具备不同要素条件的国际大都市纷纷开展中长期发展战略规划研究,对城市未来20～30年的发展愿景、目标、定位、思路、任务、举措等进行再思考和新规划.伦敦、东京、纽约等国际大都市战略规划的编制背景、规划宗旨、愿景目标、战略思路、主要议题、战略任务和规划内容框架、流程方法等,为上海更好地谋划转型发展提供了有价值的国际范例参考.     

城市医生资源与新冠肺炎防控效率

本文利用非参数估计法考察了我国城市层面的新冠肺炎病情防控效率,讨论了医生资源对防控效率的影响。结果表明,城市疫情防控措施显著降低了每日新增病例,但存在明显地区异质性,城市医生资源差异是解释防控效率异质性的重要因素。医生资源对防控效率的影响具有非线性特征,在资源紧缺城市边际促进作用更大。包括病床和医院数量在内的医疗物质投入没有产生边际影响,表明医疗物质资源还未达到约束状态。进一步分析医生职业结构发现,临床医生的作用最为显著。地区应急响应启动越早,医生资源的作用越大,因此政府相关政策是医生资源作用的有力保障。新冠肺炎疫情一定程度上暴露了我国医生资源短板,需要多措并举有效提升城市医生资源供给。     

印象画派与都市文化

本文就印象画派再度成为时尚艺术的现象,论述了印象画派的平民路线、生活气息、艺术成就与当代中国城市文化之间的关系。     

Effects of dog leash laws and habitat type on avian and small mammal communities in urban parks

Remnant natural areas within urban settings can act as important refuges for wildlife, substantially increasing local biodiversity. However, habitat suitability for these species is potentially affected by human recreational activities including the presence of free-running dogs. To compare the diversity and abundance of songbird and small mammal communities between areas with bylaws that require, or do not require, dogs to be leashed, point counts and live-trapping surveys were conducted in three habitat types (deciduous, coniferous, and meadow) in the river valley parks of Edmonton, Alberta. Among birds, there was no difference between areas with different leashing bylaws in species diversity for any of the three habitat types. Similarly, there was no difference in bird diversity for a subset of species that were plausibly breeding at these sites. However, higher bird diversity was recorded in deciduous and coniferous sites than in meadow sites, regardless of leash designation, probably as a function of the horticultural practice of mowing meadows. Among both birds and small mammals, there was no difference in the abundance of individuals as a function of leashing bylaws. Our results suggest that off-leash dogs have no effect on the diversity or abundance of birds and small mammals in urban parks, but it is also possible that other factors, such as leash law compliance, reduced or obscured the effects of off-leash dogs in this study.     

城市形态的维度:空间和时间

本文从城市形态构成的基本要素谈起,从空间维度和时间维度两个方面探讨了城市形态的构成特征。论述了作为现实存在的城市形态和作为历史存在的城市形态的内在关联性和历史延续性。     

Access to Mental Health Services: The Struggle of Poverty Affected Urban Children of Color

It is estimated that, in the United States, one in ten children and adolescents suffer from illness severe enough to cause some level of psychosocial dysfunction. Urban children, and in particular low-income children of color, are at greater risk of developing mental health problems, and are less likely to receive effective child mental health services. Prompt and effective access to mental health services by urban children of color is a critical direct practice and social policy concern. This article provides an overview of significant barriers to mental health care experienced by poverty affected urban children of color and their families. It also addresses a broad range of practice and policy issues that need to be raised in order to ensure competent delivery of mental health services for children living in urban environments. The role of social work in assisting poor urban children of color to access and benefit from mental health services is stressed. Manny John González, D.S.W., is an Assistant Professor of Social Work at Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service.     

Indigenous land rights and dynamics of the land market in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

This paper raises a number of important issues relating to legal and economic development concepts. It concentrates on the supply constraints affecting land development decisions of both private and public landowners in releasing land for development purposes. With reference to the indigenous land rights in Kuala Lumpur, this paper focuses on the restrictions in interest, which may limit the land from being transferred in the open market. With a limited market, the indigenous land achieves a lower value in the market place because transactions are limited within a particular group of people only. As a result, the market forces are restricted and the land development process for urban regeneration often comes to a halt. In examining the role of the indigenous land market in the redevelopment process of Kuala Lumpur, the study uses an institutional analysis to show the way in which these restrictions in interest affect landowners’ decisions and, thus, restrict the supply of land to real estate redevelopment. In conclusion, the paper shows various causes for land supply constraints and ways to improve these with the aim to undertake urban redevelopment initiatives considering pressure for more land in the market.