沟通:政府公共关系实践的重要环节

政府公共关系是塑造政府形象的重要手段,是政府重要的管理职能。在政府公共关系的实践过程中,建立政府与民众之间有效的沟通机制非常关键。坚持主动沟通、平等沟通、真诚沟通,是政府与民众有效的沟通的基本原则。有效的沟通包括告知、倾听、回应等三方面内容。当前,要通过推进政务公开、改革政府绩效评估、加强沟通平台建设、重视发挥大众媒体的作用等途径,大力推进政府与民众沟通的机制建设,构建和谐的政府公共关系。     

Social inclusion in research: reflecting on a research project involving young mothers in care

This article considers social inclusion in research by reflecting upon a project involving young mothers in care, which used grounded theory methodology (GTM) to theorise their situations and emphasise their voice, a key issue in inclusion, and yielded mixed outcomes. GTM dealt poorly with inclusivity and was supplemented by a feminist orientation. This also failed young mothers. They were included by sitting on an Advisory Com-mittee, being paid an honorarium and assisting in disseminating results. These efforts were unable to overturn power dynamics that privileged researchers' ownership of the findings, and enabled them to benefit from doing research and their rela-tionship with funders. The attempt to change policies and practices that served clients badly was thwarted by an election that brought in a régime with different goals. The young women authored their own stories and spoke authoritatively of their experiences. However, inclusion was not fully secured in and by the research process. Their positioning as research subjects curtailed their potential in this regard.     

试论高校内部管理的五大关系

党委与校长、行政权力与学术权力、教学型教师与科研型教师、学校与学院、学校与学生的五大关系 ,是影响高校管理系统健康运转的主要矛盾 ,处理好这五大关系的关键是要有现代的教育管理理念 ,要建立先进的管理制度 ,并确立学生的主体地位 ,提高各部门的服务意识。     

Quasi-likelihood from<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>-estimators: A numerical comparison with empirical likelihood

In this paper we compare two robust pseudo-likelihoods for a parameter of interest, also in the presence of nuisance parameters. These functions are obtained by computing quasi-likelihood and empirical likelihood from the estimating equations which define robustM-estimators. Application examples in the context of linear transformation models are considered. Monte Carlo studies are performed in order to assess the finite-sample performance of the inferential procedures based on quasi-and empirical likelihood, when the objective is the construction of robust confidence regions.     

Markov random-field models for estimating local labour markets

Summary. This work is motivated by data on daily travel-to-work flows observed between pairs of elemental territorial units of an Italian region. The data were collected during the 1991 population census. The aim of the analysis is to partition the region into local labour markets. We present a new method for this which is inspired by the Bayesian texture segmentation approach. We introduce a novel Markov random-field model for the distribution of the variables that label the local labour markets for each territorial unit. Inference is performed by means of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The issue of model hyperparameter estimation is also addressed. We compare the results with those obtained by applying a classical method. The methodology can be applied with minor modifications to other data sets.     

Closed Circuits of Interaction?

Are CCTV images of such evidential strength that they speak for themselves? If not, then for whom do they speak? CCTV cameras form a growing presence in Britain's high streets. There are estimated to be 2.5 million cameras in operation in Britain, there is an increase in legislation relating to cameras and there is increasing concern amongst civil liberties groups about cameras' effects. Claims are frequently made such as 'if you are doing nothing wrong, you have nothing to worry about' and 'CCTV evidence is clear to see.' These claims depend upon acceptance of the proposal that CCTV images are simply left to speak for themselves and that CCTV staff do little interpretative work. However, to investigate these claims, we need to ask: How do CCTV systems actually operate in practice. How are identities for CCTV images made 'clear', accounted for and mobilized? What work is done to promote the notion that we have nothing to worry about with CCTV? How do issues such as 'surveillance', 'privacy' and 'public' become implicated within these identity production processes? This article seeks to tackle these questions through the interrogation of a single story involving a high-street CCTV system, local police, local residents, a national television company and civil liberties group. This analysis of interactivity (based on a broadly ethno-methodological remit) augments current sociological accounts of CCTV. Instead of accepting panoptic metaphors as a means of understanding CCTV, the article will open up the closed circuit of CCTV through an analysis of the pantopticon in practice.     

Graphical models for skew-normal variates

This paper explores the usefulness of the multivariate skew-normal distribution in the context of graphical models. A slight extension of the family recently discussed by Azzalini & Dalla Valle (1996 ) and Azzalini & Capitanio (1999 ) is described, the main motivation being the additional property of closure under conditioning. After considerations of the main probabilistic features, the focus of the paper is on the construction of conditional independence graphs for skew-normal variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions for conditional independence are stated, and the admissible structures of a graph under restriction on univariate marginal distribution are studied. Finally, parameter estimation is considered. It is shown how the factorization of the likelihood function according to a graph can be rearranged in order to obtain a parameter based factorization.     

Labelled Graphical Models

A class of log‐linear models, referred to as labelled graphical models (LGMs), is introduced for multinomial distributions. These models generalize graphical models (GMs) by employing partial conditional independence restrictions which are valid only in subsets of an outcome space. Theoretical results concerning model identifiability, decomposability and estimation are derived. A decision theoretical framework and a search algorithm for the identification of plausible models are described. Real data sets are used to illustrate that LGMs may provide a simpler interpretation of a dependence structure than GMs.     

析布什政府对华军事战略调整的原因、措施及影响

中美关系中最重要但却不断发生渐变的情况是美国对华军事战略的调整,这种调整对塑造新世纪中美关系的走向和地区安全局势至关重要。自从2001年1月20日布什政府上台以来,美国就开始了调整对华军事战略的步伐,不仅重新对中国进行军事定位,而且采取了相应的军事应对手段。在反恐战     

行业协会法律主体地位与市场规制权探析

在当今多元化的社会中,几乎任何一个社会主体的法律主体地位都是多元而广泛的。从我国现代行业协会的产生、发展及功能来看,将其实体法律主体地位的基本属性定位为经济法律关系主体是恰当的。行业协会以规章制定权为代表的市场规制权体系正在形成。行业协会的经济法律主体地位的确立和市场规制权力体系的形成,对我国经济法的传统研究范式提出了挑战并正在促使其转换。