Shared Physical Custody: Summary of 40 Studies on Outcomes for Children

One of the most complex and compelling issues confronting policymakers, parents, and professionals involved in making custody decisions is this: What type of parenting plan is most beneficial for the children after their parents separate? More specifically, are the outcomes any better or worse for children who live with each parent at least 35% of the time compared to children who live primarily with their mother and spend less than 35% of the time living with their father? This article addresses this question by summarizing the 40 studies that have compared children in these two types of families during the past 25 years. Overall the children in shared parenting families had better outcomes on measures of emotional, behavioral, and psychological well-being, as well as better physical health and better relationships with their fathers and their mothers, benefits that remained even when there were high levels of conflict between their parents.     

The Experience of Nonresidential Stepmothers

Despite the growing body of research examining the experience of stepparents, very little is known about the unique experience of nonresidential stepparents. This research examined the experience of nonresidential stepmothers (N = 10) using semistructured interviews. Thematic content analysis identified 2 principal themes. Those themes were perceived control (with the subtheme of visitation and parenting and financial matters) and psychological and physical well-being. The perceived inability to control parenting practices during periods of visitation and financial matters associated with the payment of child support generated a sense of powerlessness, anger, and resentment that manifested in depression. Implications for family service providers and clinicians working with stepfamilies are discussed.     

Using Photovoice to Empower Youth and Adults to Prevent Crime

Photovoice empowers residents to use photographs to identify neighborhood concerns. Although Photovoice has been used to facilitate dialogue and action among residents to address a variety of issues, including neighborhood crime, it has not been used as part of an intervention to promote collective efficacy. This project integrated Photovoice into a crime-prevention program the goal of which was to facilitate collective efficacy, which. in turn, has been associated with lower levels of neighborhood crime and violence. Twenty-four racially diverse youth and adults participated in a crime-prevention training where Photovoice was used first to identify neighborhood characteristics that participants believed contributed to and alleviated crime, and then to develop a community project. Participants worked together to reuse a highly visible vacant lot to create an inviting neighborhood art and garden space that was open to the whole community. This process facilitated stronger social ties among neighborhood residents, as well as strategies for intervening in neighborhood problems, both of which are important components of collective efficacy.     

Impulsivity and pathological gambling across depressive versus bipolar disorders

Impulsivity has been implicated in the development of pathological gambling (PG); sensation seeking and urgency in particular have predicted gambling pathology in undergraduate and psychiatric samples. In light of the relevance of both depressed and elevated mood to impulsivity and gambling, the components of impulsivity associated with PG across mood disorders warrants investigation. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the association between impulsivity and gambling pathology severity across depressive versus bipolar disorders. A total of 275 participants with lifetime depressive or bipolar disorder completed measures of impulsivity and gambling. Urgency was consistently associated with gambling pathology indicators; lack of perseverance was specifically associated with gambling pathology within participants with depressive disorders. Reckless action during negative mood is associated with gambling pathology across mood disorders, whereas difficulty remaining focused is associated with PG solely within depressive disorders. Impulsivity and affective comorbidity may inform current understanding of PG.     

企业建立防治职场性骚扰机制的现实需求与对策

本课题项目组通过实证调研和文献比较,发现企业建立防治职场性骚扰机制有现实需求。在国家立法确立用人单位防止性骚扰义务之后,企业性骚扰防治机制的推广并不顺利。因为此项义务规定过于笼统而难以落实,职场性骚扰定义的缺位导致认定难,保护对象限于女性的褊狭令部分男性对防治职场性骚扰持消极态度,受害人多数不愿选择向主管投诉或向法院起诉,知情人不愿作证。基于此,有必要从立法模式及其理念、具体制度设计方面提出建立防治职场性骚扰机制的对策,以供在相关立法及决策时有所参考。     

我国古代社会控制精要——预控思想探微

历来执政者总是想方设法对其治下的社会实施必要的控制。中国作为四大文明古国之一和世界上封建制度延续最长的国家,在当时的社会预控方面做得最为成功。但是,其对社会实施控制的精要是什么？似乎至今尚无人深究。文章通过梳理和挖掘我国古代先贤的社会控制思想,得出重视“预控”乃古代社会控制之精要所在。     

中美澳流域取用水总量控制制度比较研究

水资源科学的研究成果表明,水资源的供不应求在很大程度上是由于人类忽视水循环的客观规律和超过水资源的可再生能力,进行过度开采和利用所致。对流域取用水总量进行科学合理的控制是确保实现流域水资源可持续利用的关键性非工程性措施之一。在流域取用水总量控制方面,美国的大湖-圣劳伦斯河流域、澳大利亚的墨累-达令流域是国际上比较成功的两个流域。基于对这两个外国流域和中国黄河流域取用水总量控制制度内容和效果的讨论,对三者进行对比分析,发现可供中国利用的外国经验,提出完善中国流域取用水总量控制制度的若干建议。     

智能配电网及其技术需求分析

随着经济的发展、社会的进步、科技和信息化水平的提高以及全球资源和环境问题的日益突出,电网发展面临新课题和新挑战。利用智能配电网技术彻底改造现有的能源利用体系,最大限度地开发电网体系的能源效率是未来智能电网发展的方向。本文针对配电网智能化的要求,给出了智能配电网的定义和特征,提出了功能要求。重点探讨了实现智能配电网的几个关键技术,包括配电网自愈控制、配电网快速仿真与模拟技术、AMI技术、分布式发电与微网技术,为我国智能配电网的进一步研究及实现提供参考。     

后现代社会与消费主义——鲍曼对消费文化“综合症”的一种解读

后现代理论家鲍曼认为,后现代性就是流动的现代性,后现代社会是一个消费社会,消费的性质和消费态度发生了根本性的变化,人们的自由依赖于其消费能力,符号消费成为消费社会的特点,社会控制模式以诱惑取代镇压,消费者被难以逾越的消费欲望的霸权所统治。因此,在后现代的消费社会,欲望是一切流动性和不确定的根本原因。流动的后现代性中的消费方式并没有带来安全和满足,而是越来越大的困惑与焦虑,传统的价值观和美德也逐渐消失殆尽。在后现代的消费社会中,消费者只有通过寻求个人的解决方案,才能获得自由与解放和个体身份的构建。     

Eating habits and physical activity in dieter and non-dieter youth: A gender analysis of English and Spanish adolescents

A high prevalence of youth is overweight or obese, and a frequent lack of monitoring of their weight control strategies is observed. Consequently, this paper compares the eating habits and physical activities of male and female dieters and non-dieters. Data are obtained from the large cross-national WHO collaborative study “Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2010”. The current sample consists of 9,444 students aged 11, 13 and 15 years from England and Spain. Participants are asked about dieting, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, breakfast frequency and fruit, vegetable, sweet and soft drink consumption. A logistic regression is used to examine the differences between dieters and non-dieters with regard to the aforementioned eating and physical activity habits. Differences between genders, countries, and those associated with BMI (body mass index) are also considered. The results suggest that the reality of weight control differs from the major health promotion recommendations during adolescence.