事实性与有效性:现代法律的重建及其方法--哈贝马斯的法学方法论初探

重建现代法律的合法性基础,是哈贝马斯法律理论的基本目标.为此,他首先用交往理性取代传统的实践理性,然后通过普遍语用学将其交往行动理论、商谈论与法律理论联结起来.事实性与有效性的区分构成了哈贝马斯法律理论的基本分析方法.他基于法律中事实性与有效性之间的紧张关系,提出现代法律的合法性问题,主张引入商谈论来调和这种紧张关系,从而形成了其独特的法律有效性理论.     

小组工作实践教学研究

几年来,通过对小组工作这门课程的持续地关注以及教学与研究,笔者对其实践教学环节的设置已日趋成熟,初步形成由单纯的理论教学,到安排适当的实践教学,再到理论教学与实践教学对半开,甚至出现实践教学所占的比重有不断加大地的良好势头。这有助于学生在理解小组工作基本理念的基础上,熟练地掌握小组工作的方法与技巧,即熟练掌握小组工作的操作流程,透过诸如小组活动、小组游戏以及小组习作来了解小组的动力情况,从而提高学生的实务能力。     

老年人体育健身现状及策应研究——以南昌市D区为例

本文为了深入了解南昌市老年人体育健身的现状,进而提出科学、合理、切实可行的健身处方,特采用问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对南昌市D区老年人体育健身情况进行调查研究。结果显示:南昌市不同性别老年人参与体育健身的积极性都较高,健身内容与手段呈现多样化,健身活动场所相对固定,参与体育健身的目的较为明确。但是,在健身科学化上还存在不足,缺乏场地器材、缺乏时间、缺乏指导成为影响参与体育健身的最重要因素。     

Construct Validity of the Emotion Matching Task: Preliminary Evidence for Convergent and Criterion Validity of a New Emotion Knowledge Measure for Young Children

Current emotion knowledge (EK) measures examine only one component of the multifaceted construct. We examined the reliability and the construct validity of a new measure of EK, the emotion matching task (EMT). The EMT consists of four parts which measure the components of receptive EK, expressive EK, emotion situation knowledge, and emotion expression matching. First, we compared the EMT and its parts to two widely used EK measures—the Kusche emotional inventory (KEI) and Denham's affective knowledge test (AKT, 1986) in order to establish convergent validity. The EMT and its four parts were strongly correlated with both measures of EK. Regression analyses revealed moderate to strong predictive validity for EMT. Compared with KEI and AKT, the EMT was a more robust predictor of teacher-rated emotion regulation and parent reported effortful control. Compared with KEI and AKT, the EMT correlated similarly with verbal ability and age.     

The impact of political violence: Adaptation and identity development in Bosnian adolescent refugees∗

This qualitative study explored the impact of the war in the former Yugoslavia and the experiences of forced exile on the processes of adaptation and identity development for five Bosnian adolescent refugees who have lived the United States for at least two years. Sources of resilience were found in individual temperament, adaptive responses to trauma, and cultural and family pride and loyalty. Because current research on political violence tends to focus on psychopathological outcomes and PTSD sequelae, particular attention was given to examining cultural meanings of trauma and development, as well as the health‐promoting forces that can occur in response to extreme trauma. Findings suggest several implications for future research as well as implications for mental health professionals working with refugees.     

Group Benefit and Protection of Pediatric Research Subjects: Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger and the Lead Abatement Study

The Maryland Court of Appeals in Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute was sharply critical of the lead abatement study conducted by this Institute, an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University. Grimes ruled that investigators might, given the facts of the case, have a special relationship with subjects, thereby creating a duty of care that could, if breached, give rise to an action in negligence. This ruling has implications for pediatric research practices and long-standing disputes among informed people of good will about what pediatric studies should be permitted.     

Preparing Whistleblowers for Reporting Research Misconduct

Making an allegation of research misconduct can be stressful for a whistleblower. The Research Integrity Officer (RIO) can play an important role in helping reduce the stress by thoroughly discussing what whistleblowers can expect if they make an allegation. Through interviews with 77 RIOs who had recently handled a research misconduct case, we found that RIOs who addressed more topics as well as specific aspects of the topics were more likely to have used some type of memory aide in their initial contact with whistleblowers, talked with ORI staff or other RIOs about “hypothetical” research misconduct cases, or attended a RIO boot camp training. We believe that RIOs who more fully inform whistleblowers are providing timely preparation and building whistleblowers' confidence so they can make a more informed decision about reporting and experience less stress.     

Research Subject Advocate: A New Protector of Research Participants

In 2001, the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) directed the 78 General Clinical Research Centers (GCRC) to develop a Research Subject Advocate (RSA) position. The RSA would report directly to the Principal Investigator (PI) of each GCRC and assure compliance of studies conducted on the GCRC with federal regulations and policies. Seven RSAs agreed to be interviewed about their new role. Website documents, electronic correspondence, and presentations at the first annual national meeting of RSAs were scrutinized using discursive analysis to shed light on this new organizational form and its potential for increased protection of human research participants. The RSA role actualizes the ethical principles of respect for persons, justice, and beneficence that are the foundation of the protection of research participants. The results also reveal the regulatory, institutional, collegial, and personal resources and barriers that assist the RSA in the successful implementation of the RSA role. In addition, issues important to the RSAs are described.     

社会工作研究中的价值介入与社会研究伦理考量

社会工作研究在研究方法、研究手段等方面都受到社会研究多种方法论范式的影响,社会工作研究者无论选择何种社会研究范式进行研究,都会在选题、分析、总结等过程中有不同程度的价值介入,而源于价值观的社会研究伦理又将直接影响研究者的研究选题、方法和结论。本文从社会研究中的价值介入问题入手,探讨社会工作研究中的价值与伦理问题带来的思考。