The Changing Institution of Marriage: Adolescents’ Expectations to Cohabit and to Marry

Cohabitation has become part of the pathway toward marriage. Prior work focuses on expectations to marry and has ignored cohabitation. Although most young adults are not replacing marriage with cohabitation, but instead cohabit and then marry, it is important to study adolescents’ joint expectations to cohabit as well as marry. Our analyses draw on recently collected data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (N = 1,293). We find that adolescents are less certain about their cohabitation than marriage expectations. Dating and sexual experience, traditional values, prosocial activities, and parents influence adolescents’ union formation expectations. The findings from this work suggest that adolescents are including cohabitation as part of their future life trajectories but rarely envision cohabitation as substituting for marriage.     

Le nom et le corps. Personnalisation et collectivisation du travail chez les ingénieurs des Ponts et Chaussées autour de 1800

A tension between strong individualization and a holistic conception of activities characterizes most of the French state's major administrative corps. By concentrating on the civil engineering corps (Ponts et Chaussées) during the early 19th century, we can see how this tension was resolved. When the Ourcq Canal was to be built, a conflict during the Ponts et Chaussées Assembly, which was responsible for examining plans for public works and making decisions about them, brought to light two contradictory rationales: incarnation and delegation, two ways of relating the individual and collective aspects of civil engineering during the drawing up of plans and their examination. These two rationales, which come into conflict in controversial situations, are normally combined in a “moral economy” — the civilities that enable this corps to relate the individualistic aspirations of the engineer in charge of a project with the collective dimensions of supervision and integration in a whole. In conclusion, the relations between design and execution, between activity and passivity, are examined in order to show how similar the administrative corps’ tense relation with the state is to the individual engineer's relation with his corps.     

特殊情况下出口企业的风险防范问题

外贸出口企业在一些特殊情况下防范履约风险的措施是 :首先 ,应在合同中订立不可抗力条款以防范风险的发生 ;其次 ,还应投保卖方利益险和出口信用险以弥补因买方拒付、拒收给出口企业造成的损失。另外 ,出口企业在与外商签约时尽力争取对己有利的CIF贸易术语成交和信用证结算方式支付 ,以此把风险损失降到最低程度。     

公司财务危机预警的会计报表透视——基于ST夏利股份有限公司的案例分析

本文运用F分数模型和杜邦分析法对ST夏利股份有限公司2000年至2002年的财务状况进行全面系统的分析,我们发现(1)该公司从2001年起就存在潜在的财务危机,2002年该公司的财务危机进一步恶化和表面化;(2)销售收入下降、成本费用膨胀和企业规模恶意扩张是导致公司发生财务危机的根本原因.     

FEMINISM, TECHNOLOGY AND THE INFORMATION SOCIETY Learning from the past, imagining the future

This article examines second wave and post-second wave feminist writing about the possibilities of (contemporaneously) new information and communication technologies. A number of texts by key authors, including Shulamith Firestone, Valerie Solanas, Cynthia Cockburn, Donna Haraway and Sadie Plant, are examined in light of the social and political context of their time of writing as well as in relation to 'mainstream' information society theorists such as Daniel Bell and Manuel Castells. The main focus is on how these authors understand the transformative potential of technologies, and attention is drawn to the swings between optimism and pessimism about the role of technology for a feminist political agenda. The role and nature of manifestos are also explored, and the question of whether it is time for another feminist technology manifesto is raised. The article concludes by posing some methodological and theoretical challenges of developing an anti-essentialist (in relation to both gender and technology), politically engaged and relevant feminist research agenda that takes seriously both lived experience and structures of power. The footnotes are an experiment in autobiographical writing in which I make explicit my own connection to this literature and the politics of these debates.     

一种预先集中创建服务器子进程缩短服务器响应时间的方法

在客户 /服务器模式中 ,服务器响应时间是重要性能指标之一 .分析了串行服务器进程和并发服务器进程的创建时机 ,提出了一种预先集中创建服务器子进程的方法 ,同时给出了该方法的具体实现步骤 ,通过实验测试表明该方法对服务器响应时间性能有明显提高 .     

免疫信息系统的数据安全与应用

随着社会的进步,居民生活水平的不断提高,疾病防护与儿童免疫全面信息化管理已经成为社会趋势。而对于该系统的数据安全问题就更显得十分重要,本采用双机热备份系统,对数据进行实时备份。     

“交际能力”理论对外语教学的启迪

交际能力包括语言知识和能力、社会语言能力、语篇能力、应变能力.交际能力理论强调在教材中体现语言材料的真实性;强调整个语言教学应围绕交际过程展开,即利用各种教学手段创设生活、工作情景,把学生置于尽可能真实的语言环境中,使他们能身临其境进行交际,从而提高外语交际能力,达到外语教学的目的.     

跨文化交际障碍中的行为意识因素

鉴于国内的许多跨文化交际研究主要集中在纯语言的探讨和表层文化的分析上,试图从行为意识的角度出发,就思维定势、偏见意识和价值观念三大因素来分析跨文化交际中存在的障碍,从而使学习者排除跨文化交际的障碍,并从跨文化交流中获得益处。     

Enhancing the Practical Relevance of Research

This article seeks to encourage scholars to conduct research that is more relevant to the decisions faced by managers and policymakers, and addresses why research relevance matters, what relevance means in terms of a journal article, and how scholars can increase the relevance of their research. I define relevant research papers as those whose research questions address problems found (or potentially found) in practice and whose hypotheses connect independent variables within the control of practitioners to outcomes they care about using logic they view as feasible. I provide several suggestions for how scholars can enhance research relevance, including engaging practitioners in on‐campus encounters, at managerial conferences, and at crossover workshops; conducting site visits and practitioner interviews; working as a practitioner; and developing a practitioner advisory team. I describe several ways that scholars can convey relevant research insights into practitioners, including presenting at practitioner conferences, writing for practitioners in traditional crossover journals and in shorter pieces like op‐eds and blogs, and attracting the interest of those who write columns, blogs, and articles about research for practitioners. I conclude by describing a few ways that academic institutions can encourage more relevant research, focusing on journals, professional societies, and doctoral programs.