‘It Does Not Mean Me,But a Supposed Person’: Browning,Dickinson, and the Dramatic Lyric

Although scholars have explored the importance of the works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning to Emily Dickinson, very little research exists on the implications of her admiration for Robert Browning. Within the context of Browning’s nineteenth-century US reception, this essay considers the profound and seminal effect this writer had on Dickinson’s vocation as a poet and her understanding of poetry. Focusing in particular on Dickinson’s reading and response to Browning’s Men and Women (1855), it explores connections between Browning’s dramatic lyrics and Dickinson’s creation of dramatic speakers and situations. Developing earlier scholarship on Dickinson’s use of personae and the influence of drama and performance on her works, this essay argues that Dickinson found in Browning’s poetry distancing strategies that complicated the notion of the lyric as a form of personal address and/or biographical revelation. Rather than granting the reader access to the poet’s interiority or corporeal presence, Dickinson, like Browning, creates ‘supposed persons’ who speak in a confidential, intimate manner about particular events and incidents. Following Browning, Dickinson constructs speakers whose identities are divided, contradictory, and fragmented, and, in so doing, she further impersonalizes the personal lyric by creating the possibility of a difference between what her speakers say and what her poems mean.     

罗伯特·弗罗斯特诗歌语言背后的秘密——罗伯特·弗罗斯特诗歌在中国的研究综述

作为美国非官方的＂桂冠诗人＂,罗伯特·弗罗斯特在二十世纪的美国诗歌界有着举足轻重的地位。罗伯特.弗罗斯特诗歌在中国近几十年的研究可谓是硕果累累,近几年的研究更是百花齐放,百家争鸣。本文综合评析了各家之言,分析了研究空白与不足之处,以期对于中国学者的弗罗斯特及其诗歌研究有所裨益。     

Remember the Alcazar! The creation of nationalist myths in the Spanish Civil War: The writings of Robert Brasillach

This article analyses the process of the construction of nationalist myths in the writings of French writer Robert Brasillach on the Spanish Civil War. Brasillach consistently presented the war through romanticised images that he intended to become nationalist myths. In particular, he built into his work a set of markers pointing to medieval epic poetry, which he thought embodied the Spanish – and French – national character. Brasillach envisioned a three-part process wherein myths mobilise the masses and inspire an elite to carry out new acts of heroism, which are then repackaged and presented, through commemoration, as new mythic images. Finally, individuals integrate these mythic images with their own memories, thus placing their lives within the national tradition.     

Homophobic Bullying and Same-Sex Desire in Anglo-American Schools: An Historical Perspective

SUMMARY

Homophobic bullying has come into new prominence given its alleged connection to several recent acts of school violence. This article traces the historiography of homophobic bullying, both in recent years and with reference to the original era of concern over this problem, Victorian England. As can be seen through novels and autobiographies of school life, Victorians linked bullying and sexuality in several important ways. Their traditional understanding actually supported many acts of bullying as a way to teach boys accepted codes of masculine behavior. In the late- and post-Victorian era, growing scientific investigation into human sexual behavior and increasing openness about homosexuality changed this picture to some extent, leading writers to understand bullying as a product of the bully's repressed same-sex desires. Both these views persist today and provide a stimulating context for present-day investigations of homophobic bullying.     

Anthropological Approaches to Modern Societies in the 1940s

At the time that Julian Steward was formulating the Puerto Rico Project, several other approaches to complex societies were being pursued by American anthropologists. Beginning in the 1920s, funders'—and subsequently, New Deal agencies'—interest in addressing social problems impelled microcosmic community studies in the United States. That approach, essentially functionalist and ahistorical, was extended to village studies in other countries, and Redfield's folk-urban continuum became the dominant theoretical framework for comprehending regions within nations. Concurrently, acculturation theory legitimized anthropological interests beyond “primitives” and offered an alternative, two-way cultural contact model. With the onset of World War II, the culture and personality approach was applied to strategic nations, providing holistic configurational depictions of national character. Steward's effort can be seen as a critique of, and alternative to, these approaches that were prevalent in the late 1940s. Building upon his method of cultural ecology, his orientation toward work, and his notions about sociocultural integration, he devised a different way of studying a total society. Steward's framework was modified and expanded by members of his team, both in the field and in the writing of the jointly authored book. While slow to have a wider impact, the project—both in its successes and its limitations—signaled new departures for the anthropological study of the modern world.     

《外国史略》著者考

《外国史略》是一部重要的历史、地理著作。但其著者是谁,学术界疏于探究。本文广泛引用中外文献加以考释,认为《外国史略》的著者当为马里生。     

津巴布韦退出英联邦的政治学思考

2003年12月7日津巴布韦政府发表声明,宣布正式退出英联邦。津巴布韦独立以后在原有的白人农场主经济基础之上所建立的民主政治制度缺乏应有的独立性,致使政治体系的行为能力与社会要求之间脱节,而政府面对社会大众迫切的利益要求不得不采取的仓促应对措施又被英联邦视为对人权的侵犯,这是导致此次事件发生的原因。津巴布韦长期殖民地经历所滋生出来的异常强烈的民族主义情结以及英联邦内部"非洲阵营"和"白人阵营"之间所存在的政治文化方面的差异也有重要影响。     

从弥尔顿、白朗宁夫人诗歌看英语诗歌的风格设计

通过对不同时期、不同性别的两位英国诗人弥尔顿、白朗宁夫人在诗歌创作中运用多视角多种手法的研究,体现他们风格设计的精妙之处,反映出英语诗歌在思想和艺术等方面都达到了很高的境界。     

最弱国家的内在逻辑与现实困境：诺齐克的消极国家观探析

针对罗尔斯式的积极国家观,诺齐克提出,最弱国家才是最好的国家形式。通过对无政府主义和多功能国家的批判,诺齐克认为,最弱国家不仅有产生的必要性而且是功能发挥最多的国家,任何主张扩大国家功能的做法势必会侵犯个人权利。最弱国家是可欲的,它为个人自由实现其权利提供了理想的乌托邦架构。考虑到现实社会经济等因素,这种最弱国家并不适合处于转型期的发展中国家。     

Skill acquisition and client movement indices. Implementing cost-effective analysis in rehabilitation programs.

This article outlines the development and implementation of a cost-effective approach to client and program evaluation. The indices presented summarize a client's acquisition of behavioral skills (Skill Acquisition Index) and progression along a continuum of becoming less dependent and more productive (Client Movement Index). Data are presented summarizing how the two non-monetary outcome measures have been used in formative program evaluation. The paper also discusses some of the problems involved in implementing cost-effective analyses in rehabilitation programs and suggests specific strategies to overcome the problems.