The goal-oriented approach to evaluation: Critique and case study from drug abuse treatment

The specification and measurement of program goals remains central to most evaluation research strategies, yet procedures for implementing this approach are not well-articulated. It is the purpose of this discussion to describe a stepwise procedure for programmatic goal setting and monitoring used in a demonstration drug treatment program for women. Three implementation steps are described: (a) goal setting, (b) checking for consistency, (c) monitoring and feedback. The advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed and useful complementary measurement strategies are suggested.     

Controlling health care costs: An evaluation of strategies

There has been much discussion about the factors underlying inflation in the health care sector and the means to moderate increases in health expenditures. This paper identifies various costcontainment strategies and synthesizes research findings that may be helpful in evaluating their effectiveness. The review demonstrates the complexity of the issues and relationships that must be confronted and understood in cost containment. The delivery system is shown to be not well-suited to improving efficiency and restraining health care expenditure. Any single strategy, whether it involves restructuring the market or more direct regulation, cannot in itself accomplish the combination of expenditure control and adequacy of services that is socially desirable. A number of mutually reinforcing strategies are required. Finally, more empirical and analytical information on incentives, provider and regulatory decisionmaking, costs of regulation, and the dynamics of negotiation, is essential for the design of an effective costcontainment program.     

展望、回顾与探索--中国古代文学研究高层论坛综述

文章对2002年9月西安召开的"中国古代文学研究高层论坛"所涉及的"全球化背景下中国文学资源的价值重估"、"20世纪古代文学研究成果的回顾、批评与新世纪研究前景的展望"、"古代文学研究的学术规范"、"古代文学研究方法"四个问题的讨论情况以及一些主要论文的观点作了介绍与综述;并就讨论及论文中所涉及问题在中国古代文学研究方面的意义作了评析.     

城市文学的"上海怀旧"之旅

20世纪90年代以来,城市文学界出现了一股“上海怀旧”风潮。承载着世界对于中国现代化想象的上海,在文学创作中并没有形成一种现实关切和未来展望的潮流,强势蔓延的却是一种怀旧主题。而且,这种“上海怀旧”也选择了一种非常狭窄的走向———追忆“旧上海的城市文明”,而缺乏强健有力的精神与信念,流于中庸、琐碎也因此成为“上海怀旧”的一种标签。     

我校“电气工程及其自动化”专业的定位

根据本校具体情况、区域经济特点和社会需求,确定了本校“电气工程及其自动化”专业的定位,进而阐述其知识结构、能力结构、课程结构和教学计划。     

近年国内图式理论应用研究述评

随着认知语言学的发展,图式理论越来越成为研究的热点。文章分析总结了近几年来图式理论应用于语言习得各个方面的研究特点,描述、归纳了学者们的重大研究成果,指出了其中的不足,同时也提出了有待进一步讨论的问题。     

基于系统分析的可持续发展系统研究模式

系统分析是运用系统的思维方式来解决问题的方法,是帮助人们解决复杂程度高和综合性强的问题的方法,本文尝试采用系统分析的方法构建可持续发展系统的研究模式。首先,概述了系统分析的发展概况及可持续发展方面的理论;然后阐述了系统分析的基本内容和作业流程;随后,按照系统分析的作业流程对可持续发展系统作了具体分析,对每一流程提出了具体研究思路和研究内容,并在量化和评价阶段提出了定量的研究方法,从而构建出基于系统分析的可持续发展系统的研究模式。     

永嘉四灵诗派诗人考

本文从甄别江湖诗派与四灵诗派出发,藉助地方志、传记、诗人诗作等文献资料,钩稽出三十馀位隶属永嘉四灵诗派诗人.这一发现,证实了在南宋中后期诗坛,永嘉地方确实存在过一个人数甚夥的诗派,推翻了以往学界认为四灵人数太少、不足立派的成说.     

Differences in white-nonwhite community mental health center service utilization patterns

Routinely collected computerized data were used to study the process of service delivery in terms of admission patterns, type and quantity of services rendered, and status at termination for whites and nonwhites in two community mental health centers. Social area analysis techniques were employed to control for socio-economic status, ethnicity and life style variables, and an epidemiologic model was used to analyze admission and service delivery rate differences. It was found that nonwhite admission rates were at least twice as great as white rates. Service delivery rates to the population at large were considerably greater for nonwhites than for whites. Delivery of direct services within the centers differed for whites and nonwhites, but no consistent trends emerged when types and amounts of services rendered were analyzed, controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, diagnosis and social area. Disruption of care indices were greater for nonwhites than for whites. Highlighted were some of the complexities involved in interpreting results of utilization studies.