Causal Linkages in Supply Chain Management: An Exploratory Study of North American Manufacturing Firms

In this paper we investigate the key causal linkages in supply chain management. We propose a conceptual framework and test this framework on data from 215 North American manufacturing firms using structural equation modeling techniques. Three major research issues are addressed in this study: Do sourcing decisions affect the degree to which firms achieve manufacturing goals of cost, flexibility, dependability, and quality? Does the degree of manufacturing goal achievement lead to higher customer responsiveness? Does the degree of manufacturing goal achievement lead to higher internal manufacturing performance? The study examines the relationship among sourcing decisions, manufacturing goals, customer responsiveness, and manufacturing performance. The results support the notion that an integrated supply chain involves aligning sourcing decisions to achieve manufacturing goals that are set to respond favorably to the needs of customers.     

Team‐Level Antecedents of Individuals' Knowledge Networks*

Individuals' knowledge networks are widely considered to contribute substantially to the effectiveness and efficiency of organizations. While the positive effects of knowledge networks as a primary driver of social capital have recently received considerable research attention, potential determinants of individuals' network building have not yet been adequately addressed. In this study, we investigate how certain team‐level properties affect team members' development of knowledge networks through the course of a team project. Using data from 430 team leaders and team members pertaining to 145 software development projects, we test cross‐level hypotheses using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). The results indicate that the team's perception of the organizational knowledge‐sharing climate, the team's networking preference, and the team's perceived importance of networking for project success positively affect individuals' network building. Furthermore, a team's perception of the adequacy of its technical competency and a team's perception of the adequacy of its material resources inhibit team members' individual network development. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Decision Making with Uncertain Judgments: A Stochastic Formulation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process*

In the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), priorities are derived via a deterministic method, the eigenvalue decomposition. However, judgments may be subject to error. A stochastic characterization of the pairwise comparison judgment task is provided and statistical models are introduced for deriving the underlying priorities. Specifically, a weighted hierarchical multinomial logit model is used to obtain the priorities. Inference is then conducted from the Bayesian viewpoint using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The stochastic methods are found to give results that are congruent with those of the eigenvector method in matrices of different sizes and different levels of inconsistency. Moreover, inferential statements can be made about the priorities when the stochastic approach is adopted, and these statements may be of considerable value to a decision maker. The methods described are fully compatible with judgments from the standard version of AHP and can be used to construct a stochastic formulation of it.     

On the Measurements of Board Composition: Poor Consistency and a Serious Mismatch of Theory and Operationalization

Over two dozen operationalizations of board composition can be identified from the empirical literature. A structural equations confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL 8.03) suggests that these operationalizations do not constitute a single construct of board independence. Instead, analyses strongly indicate three separate constructs. Common operationalizations of board composition, then, are neither tenable surrogates for one another nor are they interchangeable. Implications for empirical aggregation of studies, theory/measurement convergence, and the current corporate governance public policy debate are discussed.     

浅析城市低龄男性老人的角色转换和家庭再融入

在我国,男性长期以来无论是在家庭中还是社会生活中一直都扮演着支柱的角色,展现以强者的姿态。然而,不能忽视的是男性较之于女性在人生各个时期所要承受的更多更大的压力。本文以城市低龄男性老人为研究对象,通过对其社会角色转换的描述和分析展现出低龄男性老人所面临的问题和困境,并进一步讨论了他们的社会参与问题,尤其是家庭再融入。     

浅析城市低龄男性老人的角色转换和家庭再融入

在我国,男性长期以来无论是在家庭中还是社会生活中一直都扮演着"支柱"的角色,展现以强者的姿态。然而,不能忽视的是男性较之于女性在人生各个时期所要承受的更多更大的压力。本文以城市低龄男性老人为研究对象,通过对其社会角色转换的描述和分析展现出低龄男性老人所面临的问题和困境,并进一步讨论了他们的社会参与问题,尤其是家庭再融入。     

珠三角不同类型社区的社会组织发展特点比较分析——以中山市为调研个案

社区社会组织在加强社区管理、推进社区自治、培育社区文化、推进社区公益方面日益凸显其独特的优势与功能。但由于各社区的经济发展程度、居民的结构、文化基础等方面的差别,不同类型的社区其社会组织发展的状况、特点以及发展中遇到的困难等也各不一样。文章以中山市为调研个案,对珠三角的不同类型社区社会组织发展状况及存在的问题进行了比较分析。     

行政组织伦理氛围:基于社会认同理论的视角

社会认同理论与行政组织伦理氛围虽然具有迥异的研究背景、基础理论与方法,但不可否认二者之间存在高度的相关性。基于互动主义的行政组织伦理氛围内隐了社会认同的诸多环节,融合多重认同的建构性思维也有助于行政组织伦理氛围的提升。特别是社会认同过程中群体身份的彰显,可以为分析组织伦理氛围提供现实工具,使组织成员能够从自我认同与社会认同纠结的困惑中摆脱出来,并通过激活机制唤醒与组织情境相匹配的群体归属意识,达到建设性分析行政组织伦理氛围对个体伦理决策影响力、解决行政组织伦理冲突、弥合行政组织规范与社会规范鸿沟的目的。     

从建筑美学的角度探析古代船舶建筑造型的美学内涵

文章在比较建筑与船舶建筑在造型美学方面存在同构现象的基础上,从宫殿船舶建筑、民用船舶建筑以及军事船舶建筑三种表现形态分析了中国传统建筑美学对船舶建筑美学的至关重要的深刻影响。     

高职英语多媒体教学与教师的角色定位

随着信息技术的飞速发展,多媒体辅助英语教学日益普及对传统的英语教学模式产生了巨大的冲击,多媒体技术引入英语教学,逐步显示出了极大的优越性。本文从三个方面阐述了在多媒体教学中高职英语教师应做到的角色转变,以及如何进行自我更新,提高自身素质,以适应新时代教育事业的发展要求。