Perceptions of Same-Sex Relationships and Marriage as Gender Role Violations: An Examination of Gendered Expectations (Sexism)

The current study sought to add to the literature that has demonstrated a link between sexism and sexual prejudice. The study evaluated whether a community sample with an age range of 19–64 (n = 122), including 32% sexual minority participants, believe that dating, sex, and marriage with same-sex partners are perceived to be gender role violations. Results varied by participant sexual/gender identity (LGBTQ or heterosexual) and political ideology. Liberal LGBTQ persons do not see same-sex relationships as gender role violations; LGBTQ non-liberals and heterosexual liberals rated same-sex relationships as mild violations; and non-liberal heterosexuals perceive same-sex relationships as “moderate” violations. Our results suggest both positive movement in attitudes toward same-sex relationships, including same-sex marriage, and broader recognition that gender identity, gender role expression, and sexual orientation are separate and distinct components of one’s overall sexual identity.     

Expectations of the maximum of sums and the sum of maxima for correlated normal variables

This paper compares expectations of the maximum of sums and the sum of maxima for correlated normal variables. General formulas are given for the expected differences and relative expected differences. Numerical values are computed for the special case of a correlated structure with common variance and covariance to illustrate the general magnitude of the differences which may occur. It is numerically shown that an approximation to the relative differences based on the extreme value distribution is very good. General correlated models with location-scale parameters are also considered. This result should be useful in application. Examples are discussed.     

More Flexible Use of Survey Data on Expectations in Macroeconomic Models

A flexible procedure is proposed whereby both the random and systematic errors in measurement of survey data on inflation expectations can be appropriately handled when these surveys are used in the estimation of macroeconomic models. During the period 1952–1980, Livingston's two expectations series and the SRC series systematically underestimated inflation expectations by nearly 25%. The ASA–NBER survey, however, does not exhibit such underestimation. Thus, the use of the Livingston or SRC data as an unbiased measure of the true expectations of inflation would result in overestimation of the Fisher effect and the ex ante real interest rate.     

领导高绩效期望的双面性:趋近-回避理论视角

传统观点认为,领导高绩效期望通常是激励下属、提升任务绩效的重要手段。本研究拓展了这一观点,认为领导高绩效期望的激励作用主要适用于绩效趋近目标导向这类员工;然而,对于绩效回避目标导向的员工,领导高绩效期望则会引发员工的回避行为,从而对任务绩效产生消极影响。鉴于此,本研究基于趋近-回避理论,建构了一个被调节的双中介模型来诠释领导高绩效期望的双刃剑效应。对221份三时间点的领导-员工配对数据进行路径分析,数据结果支持了本研究的设想。具体而言,对于绩效趋近目标导向的员工,领导高绩效期望会激发员工工作努力,进而提升员工任务绩效(趋近路径);对于绩效回避目标导向的员工,领导高绩效期望会导致员工回避领导,进而降低员工任务绩效(回避路径)。上述结果细化了学界对高绩效期望作用效果的认识,并对管理者实践中如何正确地传达高绩效期望有一定启示。     

Policy implications of the Lucas Critique empirically tested along the global financial crisis

This study is the first attempt to facilitate the substantial change in post-crisis monetary policy of the Fed to test the validity of Lucas Critique toward exploring implications of such changes for policymaking. Global financial crisis, asking for fundamental regime alterations presented an invaluable opportunity to test the empirical validity of Lucas Critique. We make use of quarterly US data over 1990–2015 to test for superexogeneity, the rejection of which lends support to Lucas Critique. We define the marginal models for wealth, GDP and Treasury Bill rate to construct the conditional model of money demand following Hendry (1988). Our results reject superexogeneity of the policies and report the support for Lucas Critique. We discuss about the details and consequences of the monetary policy followed to suggest arguments to prolonging debates on policy discussions.     

时代变革的觉醒者——一流大学参与重大事件中的角色扮演

大学应参与社会生活,参与社会促使大学回归本我,提升大学意志。文章以一流大学作为研究对象,以重大事件作为研究媒介,并将一流大学与重大事件相互结合得出:一流大学参与重大事件是继承大学意志的体现。一流大学在参与重大事件中主要扮演着国家的引领者、社会的批判者和正义的维护者的角色。三者相互联系、互有侧重,国家的引领者是基础,社会的批判者是根本,正义的维护者是大学的外在表现。     

人民币汇率、升值预期与外汇储备相关性研究

在理论分析的基础上,采用结构变化单位根(ZA)检验对数据进行处理,运用结构变化协整(GH)检验实证研究人民币汇率、人民币升值预期与外汇储备之间的相关性.实证结果表明:人民币汇率(名义有效汇率及实际有效汇率)与外汇储备之间不存在普通意义上的协整关系;而人民币升值预期与外汇储备之间存在发生结构变化的长期协整关系,人民币升值...     

Viewing Adolescents' Career Futures Through the Lenses of Socioeconomic Status and Social Class

This study examined socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived social class as predictors of educational and occupational aspirations and expectations in a sample of 100 high school students from 2 midwestern high schools. SES was measured using caregivers' occupation and education, and subjective social status was assessed using the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status–Youth Version (Goodman et al., 2001 SES and perceived social class made independent contributions to educational aspirations, whereas SES made an independent contribution to occupational aspirations and expectations. The authors discuss the importance of SES and social class in career development theory and research and provide practical implications based on the present findings. Overall, this study highlights the importance of measuring SES and social class as distinct constructs and the need for future work to identify the unique impacts of these variables.     

基于期望差异理论的山东省观光农业游客满意度评价研究

观光农业是山东省旅游业中的重要组成部分,游客的满意程度对于山东省观光农业可持续发展至关重要.运用期望差异理论,在对现有的游客满意度模型进行改进的基础上,结合观光农业的特点,构建了观光农业游客满意度指数模型,以山东游客为例进行实证研究.     

跨国公司海外子公司战略选择的S-SWOT模型研究

跨国公司海外子公司在进行战略选择时,对内部组织条件的分析不仅要考虑子公司自身的优劣势,还应当考虑跨国公司网络内部的母合优势和母合劣势;对外部环境的分析不仅要考虑子公司所在的东道国环境,还要考虑与子公司相关的母国环境和全球环境;同时还必须结合海外子公司角色机制和跨国公司自身战略等影响因素,方能实现海外子公司当地运营和跨国公司全球配置的利益协同。