多重边缘者：基于对D村光棍群体社会地位的考察

本文将光棍群体放在村落共同体转型背景下进行理解后发现,光棍群体社会地位低下,处于村落社区末端,他们在家庭内部、人情交往、公共生活和政治参与四个层面均被村落社区完全排斥在外,从而处于多重边缘地位。改善光棍群体的社会地位需要关注他们的生活质量以及加强村落共同体内部的组织建设。     

设立村级河长提升农村水环境治理绩效了吗?——基于倾向得分匹配(PSM)的反事实估计

农村水环境长期存在"边治理、边衰退"和地方政府监管乏力问题,通过广泛设立村级河长能促进农村水环境治理绩效的提升吗?基于黄河流域4省份实地调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)实证检验村级河长的设立对农村水环境治理绩效的影响及机制,比较不同流域差异、地理区位及村庄规模下的组群差异。实证结果表明:村级河长的设立能够显著提升农村水环境治理绩效,对上游村庄、中小型村庄、近郊村的水环境治理绩效有显著的提升效应,且稳健性检验后结论依然成立。进一步的机制分析发现,村级河长有效治理的深层原因在于村庄内部知识资源、关系资源、动员能力发挥着中介效应,在政府纵向激励问责机制的驱动下村级河长通过资源整合与策略化动员,有效弥补自身治水资源不足的缺陷,避开低绩效陷阱,进而提升河长制在"最后一公里"的政策效应。     

推进乡村振兴促进共同富裕的科学指南——学习领会习近平总书记关于共同富裕的重要论述

实现共同富裕是马克思主义的一个基本目标,也是中国共产党使命和初心的重要体现。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记坚持继承和发展中国共产党人的共同富裕观,并结合中国传统文化理念,针对共同富裕提出了一系列具有创新性的重要论述。这些论述阐述了新时代共同富裕的战略定位,丰富并拓展了共同富裕的理论内涵,开辟了新时代共同富裕的实现路径,积极回应中国特色社会主义新时代面临的重要理论和实践议题,不断推进马克思主义共同富裕理论的中国化、时代化。当前,"推动共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展"成为国家发展的主要议程,学习习近平总书记关于共同富裕的重要论述,能够为进一步巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴提供目标和方向,为扎实推进共同富裕、实现中华民族伟大复兴提供强大的精神动力和科学实践指引。     

乡村振兴视域下政党组织社会的机制与运行空间——基于S省J镇党建创新实践的考察

基于S省J镇的党建创新实践,以"政党组织社会"为分析框架,探讨了乡村振兴视域下基层党组织与乡村社会的关系问题。一般农业型村庄在乡村振兴过程中面临着组织性缺失与艰巨性发展任务之间的矛盾。基层党组织的首要目标是如何通过加强自身组织能力建设,以凝聚各方面资源、激发振兴动力。J镇通过区域化党建推动公共服务下沉、党支部领办合作社及党员联户等实践形式,不仅有效提高了基层党组织自身的凝聚力和战斗力,而且形成了对乡村振兴强有力的引领能力。当前,应以基层党组织的组织能力建设为着力点推进乡村振兴,加强基层党组织对集体经济的统筹能力和再分配能力,充分调动普通党员走群众路线,以重塑乡村社会的组织性。可尝试通过区域化党建的做法推动区域协调发展。     

民族贫困地区农信社推行农户小额信贷的实证分析

民族贫困地区大力推广以农村信用社为主体,以农户小额信贷为手段的扶贫资金的投入方式对于提高当地农民收入和优化当地农业产业结构意义重大。本文通过实地调研,总结了武陵山区恩施土家族苗族自治州农村信用社开展农户小额信贷的基本做法和成效,指出了目前存在的主要问题并对其原因进行了分析,然后在此基础上对民族贫困地区农信社进一步发展农户小额信贷提出了一些对策建议。     

Household migration and the labor market position of married women

The present paper conceptualizes labor force participation among U.S. wives as both a determinant and consequence of household migration. A theoretical justification is provided for decomposing these relationships by occupational position of the wife. Applying log-linear models to data from the 1970 One-in-a-Thousand Public Use Sample, we corroborate previous research in that, on the average, the likelihood of interstate migration between 1965 and 1970 was greatest among families in which the wife was not employed prior to the move. However, among employed wives, those classified as professionals or managers were also found to accentuate the probability of household migration, particularly if the husband was not employed in 1965. The implication is that all types of employment by the wife need not limit family mobility as previous studies have suggested. Although migration was found to have a disrupting effect on the continuity of employment among most wives, this effect was most in evidence among wives employed in blue collar occupations. The data suggest the need for a careful reappraisal of traditional economic notions of migration, particularly as they apply to married women.     

Assessing emotional and social health using photographs: An innovative research method for rural studies and its applicability in a care-farming program for youth

A framework for assessing photographs for the emotional and social health of young people (SHAPE) is described and tested, within the context of a rural program. Two independent raters assessed the photographs of participants. To assess inter-rater reliability, Cohen’ K and Kendall’s W were calculated. The two reviewers’ assessments of photographs were in agreement. The assessment of emotional/behavioural display showed 82% agreement. Agreement between reviewers’ judgements of proxemics (W = .866), interaction (W = .722), engagement (W = .932) and overall impression (W = .804) were all significant (p < .005). The method yielded results indicating that participants found gardening immediately engaging but their approach to equines exhibited a change from fascination to confidence during the program. The visual-diary method is a useful and sensitive method for research: where resources are limited; to complement traditional measures; for use with people who lack appropriate verbal communication or literacy skills to complete questionnaires; young children; other underrepresented groups.     

Educational gradient of health in rural China

The aim of this paper is to examine whether and how rural residents’ educational attainment is associated with their self-rated health in China. Taking advantage of the National Exercise Facility Survey that was collected between December 2015 and March 2016, we find that educational attainment has a significant and positive correlation with self-rated health, net of the effects of age, gender, and geographical region. This correlation is mediated by factors such as perceived importance of exercise and healthy lifestyle. Relatively, people’s cognitive knowledge about health-related information and material resource access fail to play a significant mediating role. The findings highlight the non-material and non-cognitive attributes of educational attainment in shaping the gradient of health in the rural setting of China. Interventions that expand formal education to the mass and optimize teaching contents may offer an effective means to balance the health gradient.     

From industrial restructuring to the financial crisis: Mainstream nationalism and minimum income in the Basque Country

The uneven development of minimum incomes in Spain is one of the factors that explain the significant differences in the poverty indicators that characterize the Spanish regions, generally in favour of the territories most committed to these policies (Basque Country, Navarra and Asturias). However, there are other aspects that deserve some consideration when interpreting the specific method of developing minimum incomes in southern Europe. One aspect has to do with the differing dynamics of countries, such as Spain and Italy, which have opted for a decentralized regional model. In this regard, the regional autonomous initiative of the Basque Country played a decisive role in promoting minimum income programs in the late 1980s. Without its leadership in the launch of the regional minimum income policy, Spanish trade unions would probably not have opted for this method as a mechanism for combating poverty in the 1990s. No Italian region went on to play this driving role at that time. This article analyses the ideological foundations of the Basque minimum income policy introduced in the late 1980s and which grew significantly before and during the crisis that started in 2007-2008. It examines the dominant political narrative on this issue by analysing the discourse of some of the key nationalist leaders involved in the birth and development of the minimum income scheme. The approach shows that the experience of social decline linked to industrial restructuring processes was instrumental in the construction of the nationalist narrative.     

Providing Mental Health Services to Older People Living in Rural Communities

Summary

Rural dwelling elders who experience mental health problems often have difficulty finding help since rural communities often lack adequate mental health service providers. This paper reports on the initial phase of a 5-year, interdisciplinary clinical research study that is testing the effectiveness of providing a home delivered, therapeutic psychosocial intervention, aimed at improving the emotional well-being and the quality of life of medically frail elders who live in rural communities. In the early phases of this study, the clinical research team encountered a number of interesting and often unanticipated challenges as it attempted to recruit study participants and provide services to them. In this article, we examine these challenges and share what we have learned so far about providing mental health services to elderly persons living in rural environments.