甘肃省市县区域城乡男女居民自我和谐研究

目的：以甘肃省为例,探讨市县区域居民的自我和谐状态。方法：采取分层抽样的方法,抽取甘肃省12个市域成人居民为调查对象,运用自我和谐量表（SCCS）进行测量。结果：自我与经验的不和谐性在受教育程度上存在显著差异（P〈0．05）;不同市域之间在自我的灵活性上存在显著差异（P〈0．001）,这种差异在不同地区之间有不同的表现;自我的刻板性在受教育程度这个背景变量上存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,这种差异在不同受教育程度者之间有不同的表现。结论：受教育程度（而不是性别、家庭来源）是影响自我与经验的不和谐性和自我的刻板性的重要因素;不同区域是影响自我的灵活性的重要因素。     

论自学考试的定位、现状及走向

自学考试是我国终身教育体系不可或缺又亟待加强的重要环节.自学考试只有把握自身独特的社会定位,才能为我国终身教育体系的构建和完善,为国民素质的提高,为社会经济的快速发展作出应有的贡献.     

陕西法政学堂与西北大学沿袭关系考

依据新发现的历史文献,清理出了从创建于清光绪二十九年(1903)的陕西课吏馆,到陕西法政学堂,到关中法政大学,再到西北大学的清晰历史脉络,从而勾勒出陕西近代法、政、商专门教育的起源和发展轨迹.重点着墨于附设陕西第一个学堂研究所等创举.     

矛盾与自释中的一代文人——韩愈散文评析

韩愈作为唐代开风气之先的儒学宗师,面对中唐时期复杂的社会现实,在仕途上屡次受挫,进退两难;然而,他始终保持较为平稳的心态,敢于直面苦痛以自我激励.通过对韩愈部分散文的评析,阐述韩愈在仕途上进退两难的矛盾处境以及他作为一个文人自我释怀的人生艺术.     

A dynamic and cyclical model of bounded ethicality

We introduce a new model of bounded ethicality which helps explain three persistent puzzles of ethical behavior: when moral awareness is or is not present, when ethical behavior is more or less consistent with past behavior, and when blind spots obscure our ethical failures. The original conception of bounded ethicality (Chugh, Banaji, & Bazerman, 2005) described the systematic psychological constraints on ethical behavior and has contributed to our field's understanding of the phenomena of everyday, “ordinary” unethical behavior. In this more detailed model, we delineate these systematic processes and mechanisms and show how concepts of automaticity, self-view, and self-threat play critical roles in our ethical decision-making. The model describes distinct, asymmetric patterns of (un)ethical behavior and pinpoints the contingency which determines which pattern is more likely to unfold, including when we will trend to more or less automaticity and more or less ethical behavior. Our model integrates and synthesizes many of the key models and findings in recent behavioral ethics research into a single, overarching model of ethical decision-making, offering an anchor for new questions and a new realm of study.     

Missing the best opportunity; who can seize the next one? Agents show less inaction inertia than personal decision makers

Inaction inertia is a prevalent consumer decision bias, whereby missing a superior opportunity decreases the likelihood of acting on a subsequent opportunity in the same domain. We assume that a cognitive focus accounts for the inaction inertia effect. Individuals focus more on losses (the association between the current opportunity and missed opportunity) than gains (the association between the current opportunity and original states), therefore showing the inaction inertia effect. We also propose a self–other difference in inaction inertia: agents exhibit less inaction inertia than personal decision makers as they focus more on gains than losses compared to personal decision makers. In Study 1, agents were less trapped in inaction inertia than personal decision makers. Cognitive focus was measured with eye-tracking techniques in Study 2 and a self-reported item in Study 3. Agents were observed as focusing less on losses than gains compared to personal decision makers. This cognitive focus difference explained the self–other difference in inaction inertia. In Study 4, both types of decision makers were less susceptible to inaction inertia when focusing on gains than losses.     

青少年友谊质量和社会自我关系研究

友谊作为特殊的同伴关系,在青少年社会性发展及成长过程中起着不可替代的作用,对其社会自我的形成具有重要意义。梳理国内外有关青少年友谊质量和社会自我研究的成果可以发现以往的研究大多集中在对两者中其一的单独研究,抑或友谊质量、社会自我各自与其他因素之间的关系研究,较少有研究者对友谊质量与社会自我关系展开全面细致的研究。总结以往的研究存在以下问题:友谊质量的界定不够明确;友谊质量、社会自我的结构划分众说纷纭;对两者的研究缺乏一定的统合视角;多集中于两者低水平的消极影响研究,缺少对其积极影响的探索。     

Social support,parental role competence and satisfaction among Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postpartum period: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundA sense of parental competence and satisfaction during the transition to parenthood can have a tremendous impact on the quality of parenting behaviors, with social support being an important facilitator.AimTo examine parental role competence and satisfaction of Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postpartum period with regard to social support.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a regional teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. The study was conducted between June 5 and November 16, 2015. One hundred and eighty parental pairs at 6–8 weeks after birth completed the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and socio-demographic questionnaires.ResultsParental role competence and satisfaction of Chinese mothers and fathers were at a moderate level, affected each other and there were no significant differences between the mothers and the fathers. The Competence Scale scores had a significant positive correlation with social support. Multiple regression analysis revealed two variables that predicted maternal Competence Scale scores: maternal social support and the paternal Competence Scale scores. Paternal social support and maternal Competence Scale scores contributed significantly to paternal Competence Scale scores.ConclusionParental role competence and satisfaction of mothers and fathers were at a moderate level and affected by the parenting partner. To improve parental role competence and satisfaction, health care professionals should develop strategies that impact the whole family and not just a single individual. Supportive parenting programs should be implemented for both mothers and fathers.     

Challenges of Critical Reflection: ‘Nothing Ventured,Nothing Gained’

This paper arises from the experiences of the authors in providing critical reflection training to social workers and health professionals. It examines the cultural challenges involved in undertaking critical reflection, and how such challenges may contribute to learning. We examine the nature of some of these risks and what might be at stake, and how we as educators might manage these in the interests of better learning. First we discuss the concept of critical reflection and the particular approach we take. We then analyse the nature of some of the risks involved by examining the cultural challenges that are at stake. Lastly we posit some strategies to reduce risk and maximise learning.

We outline three major types of cultural assumptions which are challenged by critical reflection. These include assumptions regarding interpersonal communication and dialogue, professional helping and workplace cultures, and regarding knowledge, learning, research and the place of emotions. The implications of these challenges include: the appropriateness of critical reflection for all types of learners; the need for emotional preparation for the critical reflection process; the need to emphasise the professional learning purposes; the need to clarify the use of self‐disclosure; and the need to set up an appropriate alternative cultural environment for the purpose of critical reflection.     

Making distinctions in TV audience research: Case study of a troubling interview

This article explores contemporary self-help literature as a strategy for enlisting subjects in the pursuit of self-improvement and autonomy. Appropriating democratic liberalism's and neo-liberalism's ways of seeing the individual and the social world, self-help promotes the idea that a good citizen cares for herself or himself best by evading or denying social relations. Yet a hyper-responsible self, the result of self-help practice, is intrinsically linked to the governmental management of populations, and so to less individual autonomy rather than more.