中国老年人口死亡变动状况之研究

通过对中国各地区不同的人口老龄化程度、死亡中老年人口比例与该地区老年人口比例关系、老年人死亡人口的性差异、老年人口死亡率随时间变化的趋势的研究,并同比较发达的国家作了比较,得出了一些带有规律性的结论     

THE SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF GENDER-SWITCHING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS ON THE INTERNET

The virtual social worlds of the internet give people unparalleled control over the construction and presentation of their identities. Gender-switching is perhaps the most dramatic example of how people exercise this control. It occurs when people present a gender that is different from their biological sex. While gender-switching figures prominently in academic commentaries and popular writings about on-line social life, there is little systematic research on the phenomenon. On-line surveys of two stratified random samples (N's=233 and 202) of MOO users were conducted. The majority of participants (60 per cent) in social MOOs (popular text-based internet social venues) had never engaged in gender-switching, while the majority in role-playing MOOs were either gender-switching currently (40 per cent) or had done so in the past (16.7 per cent). More than half of those who currently gender-switched did so for less than 10 per cent of their time on-line. In spite of the freedom to use indeterminate or even plural gender identities, most participants who switched genders (78.7 per cent) did so within traditional binary conventions (male to female, female to male). The primary reason for gender-switching was the desire to play roles of people different from one's self. The primary barrier to gender-switching was the belief that it is dishonest and manipulative. Attitudes toward gender-switching and on-line participation were better predictors of gender-switching than personal background demographics or personality measures. The images of gender-switching that emerge from this first systematic study of the phenomenon are considerably more benign than that usually portrayed in the literature. Gender-switching appears to be practised by a minority of MOO users for a small percentage of their time on-line. Gender-switching within MOOs of all kinds might best be understood as an experimental behaviour rather than as an enduring expression of sexuality, personality, or gender politics.     

父亲、丈夫、儿子与情人：家庭伦理电视剧中的男性角色

家庭伦理电视剧是中国电视剧的一个重要类型,该类型电视剧中一般主要有父亲、丈夫、儿子和情人等四种男性角色。通过对大量家庭伦理剧电视文本中四种男性角色的分析,说明家庭伦理剧通过家庭叙事强化迷人的父权制,鼓励电视观众发挥已有的性属成见建构男性气质的刻板印象。但随着社会的发展,家庭伦理剧中的男性角色逐渐获得反叛的解放形象,男性气质新的意义逐渐被建构起来。     

著作权法对我国期刊出版业的作用

加入WTO以后 ,我国期刊出版业的发展和繁荣更离不开著作权法的促进和保障作用。著作权法对期刊出版业的主要作用是 :调整期刊出版利益 ,维护期刊出版秩序 ,促进期刊出版效益 ,保障期刊出版公正和实现期刊出版自由     

题元层级之实质与描写

题元层级被认为是一种有吸引力的理论架构,但有关题元层级的构成及其角色的排序等问题还存在许多不同的观点,这些争议主要源自对题元层级实质的忽视和描写方法的不当。从实质上来说,题元层级是对某特定事件结构所反映的局部性经验事实的概括陈述,故将属于不同事件类型的题元角色组合进一个层级进行排序是缺乏理据的。描写题元层级的有效方式是采用基于事件参与者的相对突显关系表征方法,如Dowty的原型角色理论。要正确理解和应用题元层级必须弄清以下两个问题：第一,题元层级背后所揭示的实质是什么,表达的概括是什么？第二,题元层级对语义角色进行排序的理据是否充分？只有弄清楚了这两个问题,才能在用于解释不同现象、基于不同理据而提出的层级之间进行有意义的选择和比较,否则,只会造成对题元层级理解的混乱和误用。     

新形势下的教师再定位

在急剧变革的社会中,教育的改革成为人们关注的,焦点,而教育改革在很大程度上取决于教师的转变。随着教育改革的不断深入,教师应尽快调整角色、更新工作方式、掌握新技能,从而承担起新时代赋予的历史使命。     

企业孵化器在创业过程中的功能与作用探微

企业孵化器在创业企业中的服务功能与扶持作用是显而易见的。它的作用主要体现在：关爱创业,培育创业精神,坚定创业信念;牵线搭桥,弥补创业企业资金不足;促成创业集聚效应,提高创业效率;提供共享的创业软硬件服务,降低创业成本。     

从视译员承受的压力看视译在口译训练中的作用

视译既是一种口译类型,也是一种有效的口译训练方法。视译对口译员在理解、分析和表达三个环节提出了高难度的要求。视译训练无论在技巧、知识、语言三方面都负有极重要的教学任务。     

Design and development of a film-based intervention about teenage men and unintended pregnancy: Applying the Medical Research Council framework in practice

Following the UK Medical Research Council's (MRC) guidelines for the development and evaluation of complex interventions, this study aimed to design, develop and optimise an educational intervention about young men and unintended teenage pregnancy based around an interactive film. The process involved identification of the relevant evidence base, development of a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of unintended teenage pregnancy in relation to young men, and exploratory mixed methods research. The result was an evidence-based, theory-informed, user-endorsed intervention designed to meet the much neglected pregnancy education needs of teenage men and intended to increase both boys’ and girls’ intentions to avoid an unplanned pregnancy during adolescence. In prioritising the development phase, this paper addresses a gap in the literature on the processes of research-informed intervention design. It illustrates the application of the MRC guidelines in practice while offering a critique and additional guidance to programme developers on the MRC prescribed processes of developing interventions. Key lessons learned were: (1) know and engage the target population and engage gatekeepers in addressing contextual complexities; (2) know the targeted behaviours and model a process of change; and (3) look beyond development to evaluation and implementation.     

Nonprofit Board Balance and Perceived Performance

Based on prior literature, this article offers a reconciliation of the core roles of nonprofit boards and aligns these role‐sets with organizational theories. A survey instrument was developed and validated to measure each of four role‐sets (monitoring, supporting, partnering, and representing) to assess whether emphasis on specific roles affects board members’ perception of performance. Our study of nonprofit boards in a midsized midwestern city found that balance across the role‐sets was associated with effective organizational performance. Furthermore, when board members describe any of the four role‐sets as deficient, they perceive the organization as less effective. The results of the study provide practitioners with a validated survey tool that provides nonprofit boards with a method to identify which roles their board emphasizes.