百年文学民族身份建构中的性别象征隐喻

在中国的现代性语境中,现代意义上的民族身份建构一开始就被置于一个东西方比较中,因为没有他者也无所谓自我.而两性关系恰恰是自我与他者关系的最基本单元.百年文学/文化想象对现代意义上的民族身份建构/认同充满性别象征隐喻,性别政治其实一直在参与对民族身份的建构,这样的参与不仅仅影响了女性这个性别在民族身份、民族精神建构中的地位、意义,而且还影响了民族身份、民族精神建构本身.性别本质主义已然与我们对民族身份认同/建构上的本质化、凝固化、单一化密切相关,从而忽略了民族身份、民族精神在时间与空间上的丰繁多元、流动变化.     

Sexual Prejudice in Sport Scale: A New Measure

ABSTRACT

This study describes the process of developing and validating the Sexual Prejudice in Sport Scale (SPSS), which is a multidimensional instrument developed to assess attitudes toward lesbians and gay men (LG) in sports. The authors conducted two studies: first, to establish the factor structure of the SPSS on 297 heterosexual athletes; and, second, to test the reliability and validity of the resulting 19-item scale on a sample of 311 heterosexual and 160 LG athletes. Exploratory factor analysis of an initial item pool yielded three factors: open rejection, which assesses the blatant prejudice expressed toward LG people; denial of visibility, which evaluates attitude toward the coming out of LG people; and gendering performance, which corresponds to gender stereotypes about performance/skills of LG people. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the stability of the SPSS. The authors documented internal consistency, test-retest stability, and convergent/divergent validity. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

‘His mam,my dad,my girlfriend,loads of people used to bring him up’: the value of social support for (ex) offender fathers

This research analyses key findings from qualitative research conducted with (ex) offender fathers and their probation officers. This paper focuses on the critical role of family and social support for (ex) offender fathers who seek to build and maintain relationships with their children. The research reported in this paper shows that the men receive social support, both formal and informal from a wide ranging and complex network of family, friends and practitioners, which facilitates and enables their commitment to fathering. Drawing on social support theory, I argue that identification of support networks recognizes the productive possibilities of vulnerable families which constitute a source of strength and connection to be nurtured in contexts of adversity. This strengths‐based paradigm advocates the need to identify and facilitate family, friendship and professional networks in the context of social work with offenders and their families.     

苔丝:父权社会的性别悲剧

苔丝生活在维多利亚时代,当时盛行的性别审美、性别道德以及性别依附使她彻底丧失了独立的女性地位,始终处于依附于男性的客体位置。苔丝的悲剧是男权社会女性性别的悲剧,是女性性别角色的宿命。     

论老年犯罪人处遇——基于刑事政策的维度

老年犯罪人处遇应适用宽严相济的刑事政策。从刑事政策学角度探讨老年犯罪人处遇,不仅是刑事实体问题,也是刑事程序问题。然而,国内已有研究偏向从刑事实体角度分析老年犯罪人问题,却疏于从刑事程序角度讨论,因而难以有效回应实践。从刑事程序视野探索老年犯罪人处遇问题,借鉴域外老年犯罪人处遇研究经验,有助于完善我国老年犯罪人处遇制度。     

共犯人分类比较研究

由于共同犯罪的情况比较复杂，因此如何准确地追究各共犯人的刑事责任成为困扰刑事立法和理论界的一个难题。为解决共犯人的刑事责任，世界上许多国家或地区采取了对参与共同犯罪的行为人进行类型划分的方法。那么，将共犯人划分为不同的类型是否必要？按照什么标准来划分共犯人？不同共犯人的体系设置是否合理等问题有待进一步分析探讨。本文以大陆法系国家或地区和我国的立法规定及理论研究为基础，对上述问题予以比较分析，并提出自己的陋见。     

Abusing victims: detention of child sexual abuse victims in secure accommodation

Sexually abused children and adolescents, in limbo between revelation of abuse and trial of an alleged offender, or in emotional turmoil after such abuse, need special care and support. Evidence indicates that a number of such children are held in local authority secure centres, on various grounds: to protect them from further sexual assaults by an adult offender; because of their persistent absconding from non-secure residential centres; and because of their disturbed behaviour (including suicidal behaviours), which may have been caused by the assault. Victims of sexual abuse are held with juveniles on remand for serious crimes (including rape and murder), or (because they are too young for youth detention centres) with young adolescents who are held in detention following conviction for such crimes. Evidence is produced from case histories, and from a survey of 15 of the 27 secure detention centres for children and young people in England, that the mix of abused, disturbed and very aggressive children is highly problematic. In worst case scenarios, victims of child sexual abuse are sexually assaulted by juvenile rapists with whom they are housed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A longitudinal qualitative evaluation of an economic and social empowerment intervention to reduce girls’ vulnerability to HIV in rural Mozambique

PurposeAn intervention including business training and health education was implemented in Mozambique, where girls are at elevated risk for acquiring HIV. As part of a mixed-methods evaluation, we describe perceived effects of the intervention on girls’ sexual behavior and school attendance.MethodsWe conducted 49 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with girl intervention participants (ages 13–19), 24 IDIs with heads of girls’ households, 36 IDIs with influential males identified by girls, and 12 focus group discussions with community members after the intervention ended and one year later.ResultsInformants said the primary intervention benefit was realized when girls had money to stay in or return to school and/or to buy necessities for themselves and their households—reducing their need for transactional or intergenerational sex. However, some girls did not make a profit and some businesses were not sustainable. Sometimes the intervention appeared to be implemented in a way to reinforce inequitable gender norms resulting in some girls feeling shame when they reengaged in risky sex after their businesses failed.ConclusionsEarning money enabled girls to potentially reduce their vulnerability to HIV. We offer recommendations for future multi-sector interventions, including the need to address potential harms in programs serving vulnerable girls.     

Sexual Minorities’ Gender Norm Conformity and Sexual Satisfaction: The Mediating Effects of Sexual Communication,Internalized Stigma,and Sexual Narcissism

Objective: Sexual satisfaction has implications for well-being and may be related to gender norms. This study was conducted to understand the relationship between U.S. sexual minority (SM) individuals’ gender norm conformity and levels of sexual satisfaction, as well as examining the following potential mediators: sexual communication, internalized stigma, and sexual narcissism. Methods and Results: A path analysis (N?=?142) revealed that, for SM individuals, higher conformity to feminine norms was related to lower sexual satisfaction through higher internalized stigma. In addition, higher conformity to feminine norms for SM individuals was positively associated with sexual narcissism. Conclusion: Implications related to sexual satisfaction for SM individuals are discussed.     

The Resilient Survivor—A Student Social Worker's Journey

This article is intended to bridge the gap between the literature on the service user perspective, essential to social work training, and the personal experiences student social workers bring to their training. It argues that there is a need to recognise the personal and sometimes painful experiences student social workers may bring to their training and the potential impact they have on their social work education and future practice. Sexually abused as a child, the author is in a unique position as a first year social work student to explore and share the impact of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on her social work education and how this has been managed. This article will chart a parallel journey of personal and professional development by exploring the importance of reflective thought on one's own personal experiences and discussing how these experiences can inform the professional knowledge, skills and value base. This article concludes that during personal and professional development potential issues or themes may arise. These include the blurring of personal/professional boundaries, the need for heightened self-awareness skills, the ability to use supervision appropriately and the potential to misuse personal insights.