Social Policy and Development in Latin America: The Long View

In the new development strategy currently shaping Latin America, alternative social policy models have emerged. This article argues that far from being rival alternatives, each of these models considers the wide differences among countries. The region is emerging from a century of transformation – from a traditional agrarian economy to an urban industrial one – in which countries have taken diverse historical paths. Some have almost completed this transformation, others are taking early steps, and the vast majority are living through it. State‐led transition has followed two successive development strategies. From the 1920s up to the 1980s, state developmentalism has mostly successfully assumed the twin challenges of economic and social progress. In the last two decades of the century, Latin American states adopted the policies of the Washington Consensus, which emphasized the importance of business in the framework of globalization and benefited the affluent few. However, an unambiguous shift in direction has been taking place in Latin America since the 1997 economic crisis. This article suggests that a new developmental welfare state model seems to be in the making. How will it evolve over the wider space of an increasingly integrated Latin America?     

Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa

Mubangizi BC, Gray M. Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 212–219 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of SocialWelfare. The privatisation of some essential services in South Africa has raised severe difficulties for those for whom the idea of fees for services is quite foreign and who, in any case, cannot afford to pay for services. The government has developed several initiatives to educate people about the need to pay for services provided by local government, the largest of which was the Masakhane fees‐for‐services campaign. This article describes two recent initiatives that seek to engage local citizen participation, namely, Integrated Development Plans and izimbizo (or traditional forums). These are examined along with the challenges faced by local government in promoting citizenship participation in service delivery within a decentralised system of governance. The article concludes with some recommendations on how citizen participation can be enhanced so as to make the ‘public’ visible in public service delivery and thus improve social welfare services.     

论“人的全面发展”是社会主义的本质要求

江泽民提出“人的全面发展”是社会主义的本质要求 ,有其理论依据和现实根据。马克思、恩格斯、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平等无产阶级革命领袖把“人的全面发展”作为社会主义的基本规定 ;全面建设小康社会需要人的全面发展 ,因为人是社会的主体 ;社会主义在当今世界面临着严峻的生存压力 ,面对着资本主义的竞争和挤压 ,社会主义要生存与发展 ,必须促进人的全面发展 ,表现出社会主义的优越性     

东汉五原太守崔寔边疆开发的理论与实践

针对东汉后期土地兼并,中原人民流离失所的情况,崔寔建议把边疆地区作为移民开发的理想场所,并把移民开发的作用提到了新的认识高度。在任五原太守期间,他推广先进的生产技术,建立和完善抵抗北方游牧民族的防御体系,使五原郡经济发展,社会安定,为维护东汉王朝在边疆统治的稳固做出了贡献。     

我国冰雪体育旅游现状及发展策略探究

随着北京-张家界申办2022年冬季奥运会的成功,冰雪体育旅游迅速成为了当今最受关注的热门产业之一。如果能抓住这次发展机遇,大力开展冰雪体育旅游项目,可以为当地旅游业的发展创造极大的收益,与此同时还能提升我国冰雪体育旅游层次。通过阐述我国冰雪体育旅游的发现现状,对其中存在的问题和面临的挑战进行分析,结合实际情况提出冰雪体育旅游的发展对策。     

中国城市化发展进程的思考

城市化是一个国家或地区走向现代化的重要内容。我国要在2020年实现全面小康社会的奋斗目标以及本世纪中叶基本实现现代化,必须加快城市化步伐。而作为世界上人口最多、特别是农村人口占绝对比重的发展中国家,如何落实科学发展观,选择一条适合中国国情的城市化发展道路,对中国目前乃至未来经济社会的可持续发展必将产生重要而深远的影响。     

转型中的康区藏族村寨--丹巴县梭坡乡莫洛村考察报告

本文作者考察了四川藏区丹巴县梭坡乡莫洛村社会经济发展的历史与现状 ,发现历史上这一康区藏族村寨是相对独立的经济文化单元 ,单元内生态资源互补、劳力合作、经济互助、婚姻内部流动 ,并曾在外力的影响下不断地进行过变革与调适。现今 ,西部大开发战略和天然林保护、退耕还林等系列工程的实施又将打破这个传统经济单元或文化圈子 ,把小圈子纳入到更大的圈子里 ,莫洛人在困惑与希望中不断地调适自己 ,寻找出路     

马克思个性发展理论视角下的一流大学创新人才个性化培养

针对国家提出的“世界一流大学和一流学科建设”宏大任务,以马克思“个性发展理论”为指导分析了一流大学创新人才个性化培养哲学基础,即人的个性是可以认识与改变的、是在自我和社会的双重形塑中实现着突破与发展的,一流大学应通过一系列的体制机制调整对大学生进行后天改造进而内化为自我发展的动力,即应凝练创新人才个性化培养理念、调整创新人才个性化培养方式、完善创新人才个性化培养体系以及发挥隐性教育在创新人才个性化培养中的作用。     

An integrated model of national HRD and critical HRD: considering new possibilities for human resource development

Though both National Human Resource Development (NHRD) and Critical Human Resource Development (CHRD) have received an increasing amount of attention, only two published works have used an explicitly critical approach to discuss NHRD norms, policies, and practices. The purpose of this article was to examine and articulate the relationship between NHRD and CHRD and make a case for the importance of that relationship to the field of HRD. We identify some commonalities between NHRD and CHRD, including the shared priorities of context, culture, and empowerment, which provide a strong foundation for future focuses on theory-sharing, global awareness, holistic and socially conscious economic development, negotiated power and performance, and emancipation in HRD research and practice.