职校学生就业工作的问题及对策

近几年来，随着国家对职业教育的重视，职校学生就业出现了升温现象，但由于各种各样的原因，职校学生就业仍是学校办学要考虑的主要问题。本文主要从主、客观两方面分析了职校学生就业面临的问题及原因，并从调整专业、提高毕业生自身素质等方面提出一系列应对措施，以期能够使职校学生正确认识自己、定位自己，提高当前社会职校学生就业率。     

大学生就业视阈下对高校本科课程设置的思考

大学生就业的形势严峻。大学生就业的压力不仅冲击了学校以培养社会所需要的合格人才的主方向,也严重冲击了学校的正常教学秩序,导致许多高校本科教育＂短斤少两＂现象突出,教育质量下降。要改革本科课程的设置与安排,以适应大学生毕业就业活动的提前。     

加强思想政治教育，完善研究生就业指导体系

随着研究生招生规模的扩大,研究生的就业形势变得越来越严峻,除了地方政府研究生就业政策的影响外,在毕业研究生中出现了急功近利的思想和道德品质素养下降的倾向,这给高校的研究生教育和培养带来了挑战。文章结合本校实际,对如何加强毕业研究生的思想政治教育和就业指导,拓宽研究生就业渠道进行了探讨。     

经济高速增长中的低就业问题

中国经济快速发展的过程中,出现了一些经济增长与就业增长相偏离的问题。本文通过对我就业弹性、就业增长率与经济增长率进行回归分析,表明我国就业弹性与经济增长是负相关的,就业增长率与经济增长率是正相关的,但是不显著。本文对此现象进行了原因分析及其提出了如何扩大就业的思路。     

Employment, family union and childbearing decisions in Great Britain

Summary.  The paper investigates the life-cycle relationship of work and family life in Britain based on the British Household Panel Survey. Using hazard regression techniques we estimate a five-equation model, which includes birth events, union formation, union dissolution, employment and non-employment events. We find that transitions in and out of employment for men are relatively independent of other transitions. In contrast, there are strong links between employment of females, having children and union formation. By undertaking a detailed microsimulations analysis, we show that different levels of labour force participation by females do not necessarily lead to large changes in fertility events. Changes in union formation and fertility events, in contrast, have larger effects on employment.     

Employment motivations of farm spouses

In the study reported here, reasons for working off the farm and reasons for not working off the farm are examined as a function of gender and socioeconomic characteristics. Women are significantly less likely than men to work off the farm to supplement farm income, and significantly more likely to work off the farm for personal reasons. A logistic regression analysis finds that men, those employed fulltime off the farm, and those with lower household incomes are most likely to cite economic reasons for working off the farm. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to cite time constraints as the primary reason for not working off the farm, while only women cite family responsibilities. Logistic regression reveals that men, those with higher household incomes, and those with livestock operations are most likely to cite lack of time as the primary reason for not working off the farm.Patricia J. Wozniak is Associate Professor in the Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. Her research interests include family life and family economics, as well as the application of statistics to the social sciences. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee.Kathleen K. Scholl is Senior Coordinator of the Economics Team of the Public Policy Institute at the American Association of Retired Persons, 1909 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20049. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University.     

Systems engineering: A problem-solving approach to improving program performance

Evaluation methodologies have generally emphasized the measurement and assessment of program merit, as reflected by the achievement of program objectives. Less attention has been devoted to analyzing and explaining the reasons for deficient performance and, more importantly, what needs to be modified to improve performance. While evaluators do identify performance problems, the identified problems are not always analyzed. Consequently, the information reported to decision makers may be incomplete, inconclusive, and of limited utility in the decision-making process. This article describes an evaluation methodology based on problem solving techniques which can be effective and efficient in defining and analyzing problems which impair program performance. The model can be applied in evaluations where the purpose is to provide decision makers with information and recommendations to improve program performance and provide an alternative to those evaluation models which emphasize the assessment of program merit. The model also provides a potentially unique cost/benefit methodology for estimating the potential worth of improving program performance (i.e., solving the problem).     

How Do Behavioral Assumptions Affect Structural Inference? Evidence From a Laboratory Experiment

We develop a model of labor force status (federal employment, nonfederal employment, unemployment, and out of the labor force) that depends on human capital variables, local labor market conditions, and personal characteristics. According to the estimated model for white non-Hispanic males and females a substantial difference exists between blacks and white non-Hispanics even after correction for the control variables. However, the control variables explain almost all of the difference between Hispanics and white non-Hispanics.     

“Me,the street,and a backpack”: employment,income, and physical capital in rural recovery

ABSTRACT

Recovery capital is a framework for understanding individuals’ resources for recovery from substance misuse. In a qualitative analysis of rural individuals in recovery (N = 49), the role of physical capital emerged prominently across ten focus groups. Participants highlighted the effects of employment status, income, and other forms of physical capital directly, as well as indirect effects through changes in human capital. Negative cultural capital components, in the form of stigma and employment discrimination, were described as barriers to physical capital acquisition and successful recovery. Based on these findings, we discuss rural recovery challenges and propose a model of recovery capital interactions.