浅议高职教育理论研究中需要划清的几条界线

本文简要地分析了当前高职理论研究中的几个界限问题,如高职教育与就业教育、高职教育与成人教育、高职教育与职工培训等。这些界线不划清楚,将会影响到学生及家长对高职教育的正确认知,进而影响高职教育的健康发展。     

浅析女大学生就业难

就业是民生之本,现阶段总体就业形势严峻。随着高校的大规模扩招,毕业生总体供大于求。大学生就业难仅仅是一般劳动就业问题,女大学生就业难除了劳动就业问题以外,还附带有劳动力市场上的性别歧视问题。本文首先对女大学生的现状进行分析,然后对女大学生就业难提出具体有针对性的对策,以便消除女大学生就业中的"性别歧视",实现男女大学生的平等就业,充分发挥女性人力资源的重要作用。     

Following Families: Working Lone‐Mother Families and their Children

Analysis of poverty dynamics based on large‐scale survey data shows that there is limited mobility across the income distribution for most individuals and families. This includes lone parents, who are one of the groups most likely to stay poor over time. This high income poverty risk is reduced for those lone parents who are in employment and who receive state financial support through tax credits to supplement their wages. But income security in work can be difficult to achieve. This article reports on longitudinal qualitative research which has involved repeat interviews with lone mothers and their children over a period of three to four years. The analysis explores the experiences of sustaining employment while living on a low, but complex, income and highlights the challenges faced in seeking financial security in this context.     

The Role of Non‐profit Organizations in the Mixed Economy of Welfare‐to‐Work in the UK and Australia

This article charts the development of welfare‐to‐work policies and compares and contrasts the traditions of delivery in the UK and Australia. We find that in the UK, employment services and social security benefit administration have been dominated by the central state, traditionally affording a key role to civil servants as direct delivery agents. However, in federal Australia, mixed economies of welfare‐to‐work operate in the different states, there is a far greater role for social services and non‐profit organizations are firmly established as key providers of frontline employment services. Since the late 1990s, UK welfare reforms have been gradually following the Australian lead in contracting non‐state actors as delivery agents. As this trend seems set to continue and intensify, we examine the Australian experience in order to reflect on the role of non‐profits in policy reform.     

实施就业优先战略的核心是提高就业质量

就业质量是在西方发达国家人均GDP越过4000美元的发展阶段率先提出来的。我国目前正好处在与此相同的历史时期,而就业质量不高已成为当前我国经济质量低下的主要表现之一,也是就业领域里最为突出的矛盾。构建科学合理的衡量就业质量的评价指标体系,是提高就业质量的重要前提。要尽快提高我国的就业质量,需要从转变发展方式、提高经济发展质量和构建和谐劳动关系的高度出发,多管齐下。     

Editorial

The research examined factors related to the decision to move to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC). Employing a sample obtained from a recently opened comprehensive CCRC, 184 residents and 246 waiting list respondents were surveyed concerning their decision to move. Residents evidenced significantly more "risk" factors than waiting list applicants and reported significantly more reasons for selecting a CCRC. Reasons for choosing a CCRC were guaranteed health care, freedom from home maintenance, and supportive services. The vulnerability of residents requires careful attention for planning and managing services to maintain independence.     

后人口红利时期的中国经济增长与政策调整

2012年中国劳动年龄人口数量出现了第一次下降,表明中国已经步入后人口红利时期。在后人口红利时期,为保证经济持续稳定增长,必须克服劳动供给下降和社会养老负担加重对经济增长造成的滞缓影响。本文由此提出通过就业和养老两方面的政策调整和制度改革来延续人口红利的思路和办法。     

A Multisample Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Short Employment Hope Scale (EHS-14)

ABSTRACT.

Employment hope is an aspect of psychological self-sufficiency that captures the process of empowerment for low-income job seekers. It is posited that this process of maintaining and developing employment hope contributes to the economic self-sufficiency outcome. The preliminary 14-item 2-factor Employment Hope Scale (EHS) was previously developed using an exploratory factor analysis (Hong, Polanin, & Pigott, 2012). This study examines whether the same items could be validated using a multisample confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Given the unsatisfied model fit of the original 2-factor model, it was modified into a 4-factor model guided by theoretical suggestion from an earlier focus-group study. The multisample CFA on the modified model explained the data significantly better than did the initial model across 2 independent samples. Reliability and validity tests confirmed the factor structure of the modified model. This study confirms that the revalidated Short EHS (EHS-14) is a more robust version of the scale. Further research is needed to demonstrate its utility as a tool to benchmark the pre-employment client empowerment process in workforce development and to monitor postemployment employee support needs in the workplace for retention.     

An Examination of Factors Affecting Perception of Workplace Discrimination

This study investigates perceptions of workplace discrimination among racial minorities in Canada. Specifically, the study examines how objective experiences of disadvantage and expectations for equity influence racial minorities’ perceptions of discrimination. The results indicate that while both of these factors affect perceptions of discrimination, expectations for equity may be especially important. Although new immigrants are among the most disadvantaged groups in the Canadian labor market, they are less likely to perceive discrimination than longer term immigrants, who may have higher expectations for equitable treatment. Education also increases the perception of discrimination among immigrants, perhaps due to the higher expectations of educated immigrants. Lastly, objective income inequity is not found to be related to perceived discrimination.

浙江省劳动力就业特点分析

本文分析了浙江劳动力就业的四大特点,即:非农产业从业人员比重相对较高;私营、个体企业是吸纳劳动力就业的重要场所,直接从事农业的劳动力相对较少;劳动力的流动性大以及农村劳动力的文化素质不高。