Parental spanking and subsequent risk for child aggression in father-involved families of young children

This study examined separate and combined maternal and paternal use of spanking with children at age 3 and children's subsequent aggressive behavior at age 5. The sample was derived from a birth cohort study and included families (n = 923) in which both parents lived with the child at age 3. In this sample, 44% of 3-year-olds were spanked 2 times or more in the past month by either parent or both parents. In separate analyses, being spanked more than twice in the prior month at age 3, by either mother or father, was associated with increased child aggression at 5 years. In combined analyses, there was a dose–response association; the greatest risk for child aggression was reported when both parents spanked more than twice in the prior month (adjusted odds ratio: 2.01; [confidence interval: 1.03–3.94]). Violence prevention initiatives should target and engage mothers and fathers in anticipatory guidance efforts aimed at increasing the use of effective and non-aggressive child discipline techniques and reducing the use of spanking.     

唐代传奇中的植物形象

唐代传奇小说中出现了许多植物,其中包括自然状态的植物和能幻化的植物,唐代传奇中的植物形象对后来同类体裁小说中的植物体系产生了深远的影响。如:自然状态的植物作为景物描写中的因素、作为文中所吟诵诗句中的因素以及作为象征或隐喻而出现;能幻化的植物精怪也呈现出体系:植物精怪大多有着艳丽的容貌、悲戚的结局、善良的内心,这些精怪都与人发生了缠绵的爱情故事,植物精怪原型具有宗教性质等特点,这些植物形象所具有的丰富意蕴在后来的小说《聊斋志异》等中均有出现。     

The Competitive Impact of Targeted Television Advertisements Using DVR Technology

Digital video recorders (DVRs) are an emerging technology that is fundamentally changing the competitive landscape in industries that advertise on television. Perhaps the most familiar impact of DVR technology is that it enables consumers to avoid advertisements (ads) by fast forwarding through them. However, this “zipping” of ads is only one aspect of the impact of DVR technology. DVRs also collect a wealth of information at the consumer level that can be used by firms to target their ads more effectively. We examine how this targeting capability moderates the impact of ad avoidance in a competitive setting. Insights are provided on how best to manage this emerging technology in terms of the key managerial decisions of product pricing and advertising efforts, as well as its impact on profits in a competitive (duopoly) marketplace.     

Psychosocial work environment and mental health among travelling salespeople

Travelling salespeople have a rather unusual working environment, with long periods of absence from their firm and a low level of social contacts with colleagues. Furthermore, they are exposed to high demands in their work, which may conflict with a normal family life. In this paper a cross-sectional study of psychosocial work environment and mental health of Danish travelling salespeople is described. A sample of 1,306 travelling salespeople filled in a questionnaire (response rate 68%). The results indicate that poor mental health is associated with a number of demand indicators: number of working hours per week, number of customers per week, non-day work, and a high level of perceived job demands. On the other hand, the number of hours spent with customers per week is positively associated with mental health. The authors did not find the expected associations between poor mental health and several factors such as number of hours away from firm, nights away from home, and a low degree of perceived support from colleagues and superiors. It is concluded that the main stressors of travelling salespeople are long working hours, many customers, non-day work and high perceived psychological demands in general.     

蒙古语正蓝旗土语短元音实验音系学研究

现代蒙古语正蓝旗土语共有10个短元音。用舌位的高低分组，A υε I六个元音属于低元音组，эθ i四个元音属于高元音组，这两组元音分别与蒙古语传统语音学的阳性阴性元音对应。     

Effectiveness of persuasive frames in advocacy videos

Using a three-condition, between-subjects experimental design (N = 152), this study investigates the persuasive effects of fear and humor in nonprofit advocacy-style videos. Findings indicate both fear and humor positively affect a behavioral willingness to change behaviors. Mediation analysis of the antecedent variables in the theory of planned behavior model also revealed significant indirect effects of each form of appeal through attitudes. Findings advance current conceptual and practical understanding of the persuasive power of nonprofit advocacy-style videos.     

Developing a Career in the Practice of Statistics: The Mentor's Perspective

The W.J. Dixon Award for Excellence in Statistical Consulting is given by the American Statistical Association to “a distinguished individual who has demonstrated excellence in statistical consulting or developed and contributed new methods, software, or ways of thinking that improve statistical practice in general.” In this article, five of the seven past recipients of this career-capping award share their experiences and perspectives through 10 stepping stones that move a practicing statistician from consultant to collaborator to leader. We highlight the need for mentorship throughout the discussion, and provide direction for statisticians who would like to incorporate this advice into their careers.     

新文学读者眼中的“《小说月报》革新”

本文目光关注见证"<小说月报>革新"事件的接受群体--"新文学阅读圈"中新文学读者,以其在革新最初几年的12-14卷<小说月报>"通信"栏中与编者的对话,得出<小说月报>"读"与"编"之间一种类似"我们"与"先生"的关系.读者眼中的<小说月报>的形象及刊物自身形象定位及其背后的原因;置于新文学读者的关注之下的<小说月报>在新旧文学观念上的纠缠反复均成为<小说月报>办刊方向调整中的须加考虑的潜在背景.     

C型主轴端部短锥法兰式联接分析

关于短锥法兰式C型主轴端部与花盘等机床附件的联接定位问题,目前尚未有统一的解释和确切的结论.本文对此联接状态进行定位分析和尺寸分析,得出正确结论.     

Memory properties and aggregation of spatial autoregressive models

A random field displays long (resp. short) memory when its covariance function is absolutely non-summable (resp. summable), or alternatively when its spectral density (spectrum) is unbounded (resp. bounded) at some frequencies. Drawing on the spectrum approach, this paper characterizes both short and long memory features in the spatial autoregressive model. The data generating process is presented as a sequence of spatial autoregressive micro-relationships. The study elaborates the exact conditions under which short and long memories emerge for micro-relationships and for the aggregated field as well. To study the spectrum of the aggregated field, we develop a new general concept referred to as the ‘root order of a function’. This concept might be usefully applied in studying the convergence of some special integrals. We illustrate our findings with simulation experiments and an empirical application based on Gross Domestic Product data for 100 countries spanning over 1960–2004.