Dehumanization and Islamophobia: attitudes towards the Syrian refugee crisis / Deshumanización e islamofobia: actitudes ante la crisis de los refugiados sirios

The dehumanization of certain outgroups is manifested in the deligitimization of the other and generates exclusion, especially in conditions perceived as potentially threatening. The purpose of this study is to analyse the perceptions of Syrian refugees and image of the Muslim population among young people between the ages of 15 and 18 (n = 205) and people over the age of 60 (n = 117). To do so, scales of dehumanization, modern racism and Islamophobia were applied and analysed according to certain variables such as age and degree of perceived religiosity. The results show that there are significant differences in terms of age in dehumanization, modern racism and Islamophobia, but the dehumanization of both Muslims and Syrian refugees seems to appear at all levels, with the perception of threat as a crucial factor. Religiosity also seems to be a significant variable in the study of racism and Islamophobia, although not in dehumanization. The psychosocial implications of these findings are discussed.     

‘Society does treat me differently and that is a shame’: understandings and feelings of Britishness amongst visibly observant young Muslims

There has been increasing media and political questioning of the national loyalties and identities held by young British Muslims, with a particular focus on those seen to separate themselves through strict and religiously observant dress and lifestyles. This paper draws primarily on research focusing on the meanings of ‘Britishness’ held amongst a group of visibly observant young Muslim adults. Empirical evidence is provided to demonstrate that although these young adults demonstrated an explicit and visible sense of Muslim identity, this co-existed without any conscious conflict with their British identity. The young adults’ acknowledgement of their religious attachment developed from a positive and proactive identification with Islam rather than one in opposition or rebellion against a British identity. Therefore, in a wider context, their lives must not be analysed only through the lens of religion, dress and appearance as this has repercussions in relation to national policy formation and subsequent perceptions of wider society.     

“以人为本”价值观在中国的历史演进

在概括阐述毛泽东思想视野下的“以人为本”、邓小平理论视野下的“以人为本”、“三个代表”重要思想视野下的“以人为本”和科学发展观视野下的“以人为本”的基础上,展示了中国共产党开创的马克思主义中国化视野下具有中国特色的“以人为本”价值观的历史进程。     

西方传教士对中国穆斯林的研究———以《教务杂志》为中心简

本文以《教务杂志》上刊登的文献为资料,就西方传教士对中国穆斯林的研究进行评析。结合传教工作的三个阶段,梳理相关文献的研究重点,并探寻两种文化相遇时应当具有的态度。     

从法国穆斯林移民的生存现状透视法国的移民模式

法国季节性人口迁移由来已久,且迁移的地域遍及欧洲。欧洲国家对人口迁徙情况进行清查和评估始于1805年法兰西第一帝国时期,当时实行以"血统主义"为原则的国籍制度,其用意在于保证拿破仑军队充足的兵源,这与后来共和政体实行的"属地主义"原则相对立。21世纪初,移民问题成为法国对内政策面临的一大挑战,它与公共安全、国民身份认同、就业市场、欧盟公共事务政策的制订以及在第二代移民中实现法国模式的"共和"与"非宗教化"的融合等重大问题息息相关。欧洲国家之间与欧洲国家之外的人口迁移引发以下问题:欧洲居民的原国籍问题、法国国籍问题、法国公民权的行使问题以及在重组后的家庭种族构成愈加复杂的条件下个人身份的构建问题等。     

Ten Thousand Tonga: A Longitudinal Anthropological Study from Southern Zambia, 1956–1991

The Gwembe Study was launched in 1956 to monitor the responses of 57,000 Tonga-speakers from the Middle Zambezi Valley to involuntary relocation. Since then, periodic censuses and frequent field visits have generated a wide variety of information. This article examines the demography of four Gwembe Tonga villages from 1956 to 1991, a period characterized first by relocation, then prosperity, and finally by economic hardship. White nuptiality does not respond significantly to socio-economic trends, marital fertility falls sharply during relocation, rebounds with the onset of prosperity, and decreases slowly during the most recent decade of economic hardship. Mortality of the very young and old is also sensitive to such changes. There is striking excess male mortality in all periods, especially among male infants and in particular male twins. The sex ratio at ‘birth’ is 92. This abnormal sex ratio at birth may be the result of conscious sex preference favouring females.     

Australian Muslim Responses to the Discourse on Terrorism in the Australian Popular Media

The media is often referred to as a social institution in that it is a major element of contemporary Western society. Through the media, social processes create narratives or stories within interpretative frameworks that are embedded in the cultural and political assumptions of the wider society. Since the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in September 2001, the media has played a crucial role in the developing discourse on contemporary terrorism. In the Australian context, this discourse has emerged as one which implicates Australian Muslims, constructing them as a homogenous monolith with an underlying implication that Islam, and by association Australian Muslims, is secular resistant and at odds with the values of the liberal democratic state. Several textual analyses attest to the bias against Muslims in the popular Australian media discourse. However, there have been no studies into how Australian Muslims are interpreting and responding to this discourse. Based on research into the attitudes and perceptions of the media among Australian Muslims, this paper argues that the interpretation of the media discourse as defiantly anti‐Muslim and the perception of the media as a powerful purveyor of public opinion has impacted on the construction of Australian Muslim identity. In responding to this discourse, Australian Muslims are creating new narratives of belonging which either reinforce or reject the underlying messages that situate them outside mainstream Australia.     

当代英国的穆斯林问题

欧洲穆斯林一直是欧洲社会一个醒目的问题,如何使人数众多的穆斯林融入所在国,一直是欧洲各国政府面临的难题。作为推行多元文化模式的英国,其穆斯林与当地社会的相对融洽在西欧是比较突出的。但同时,穆斯林社团和英国社会主流价值观之间的差异以及一系列国际危机,却往往引起穆斯林和英国社会的冲突。究其原因,实际上是多元文化模式固有矛盾所造成的困境,是国民身份认同与族裔认同之间的矛盾带来的结果。