西北回族穆斯林“接哈吉”仪式功能探究

在西北回族社会中,“接哈吉”是一个重要的宗教仪式,具有丰富的功能,从社会整合、文化传承、经济等方面推动了回族社会秩序与和谐。     

Comparative study of attitudes to religious groups in New Zealand reveals Muslim-specific prejudice

ABSTRACT

The March 15th terrorist attack started a national dialogue about prejudice in New Zealand. Previous research has investigated attitudes towards Muslims in comparison to ethnic minorities. However, presently, there are no nationally representative studies in New Zealand systematically comparing attitudes to Muslims with attitudes to other religious groups. Here, we present evidence from the New Zealand edition of the International Social Survey Programme module on religion, a national postal survey (N?=?1335) collected between September 2018 and February 2019. We assess perceived threat and negativity towards Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, and Atheists. We find substantially greater perceived threat and negativity towards Muslims compared with other groups. In particular, older people, New Zealand Europeans, men, and those with more right-wing attitudes report greater threat and negativity towards Muslims. In line with previous studies, higher religious identification and higher education predict greater acceptance. Taken collectively, these results reveal that the Muslim Acceptance Gap in this country is substantial, and greater challenges for acceptance are evident among lower-educated, right-wing, older, secular, and male populations. The magnitude of this gap reveals a substantial challenge to the future of New Zealand where religious and secular people can live without evoking prejudice.     

German Muslims and their engagement in participatory culture: reflections on civic and artistic contributions to the public sphere

This paper examines publics of young German Muslims. Case studies include the singer Huelya Kandemir, the theatre group Uma Lamo and the social network Zahnräder. By focusing on spiritual music publics, theatrical comedy publics and social publics, it tries a new approach to the way in which we understand minority public engagement. In addition to examining the concept of counterpublics, it utilizes the concept of participatory culture, which offers a relevant complement. The study argues that the publics of young German Muslims display multifaceted artistic and civic engagement, which can best be understood in terms of participation in cultural or civic productions and contribution to the wider German public. Features or effects of counterpublics, such as the countering of mainstream representations of minority identities and the offering of alternative discourses, are occasionally reflected in their activities.     

欧洲穆斯林问题研究：边缘化还是整合

欧洲穆斯林人口的急剧增加,诱发了两种迥然不同文化之间的冲突与碰撞。欧洲穆斯林的边缘化处境加深了其认同危机,也为极端主义思想和运动提供了可乘之机。欧洲各国政府逐渐认识到,整合欧洲穆斯林已经是一个刻不容缓的艰巨任务。     

伊斯兰金融在中国的借鉴与发展

伊斯兰金融最早出现在20世纪七十年代的阿拉伯地区。银行最重要的功能是信用中介,伊斯兰金融机构超越了商业银行的基本职能,发挥了融资租赁、股权投资、信托投资、合资经营等功能。其中,伊斯兰银行业务为客户提供符合伊斯兰教义,以无息、无投机、实物对应、风险共担为主要特征的产品及金融服务。伊斯兰银行业是伊斯兰金融体系中最发达的部分。探索伊斯兰金融在中国的拓展对中国金融市场的深入发展具有重要意义。     

和谐社会构建背景下的清真女寺考察及发展思考——以云南清真女寺为例

云南穆斯林在中国民族、文化复杂丰富的社会环境中一直追寻＂做一个真正的穆斯林＂,包括穆斯林女性。随着穆斯林文化与儒家文化的融合,许多创新在中国发生,比如清真女寺的创建及发展。通过对云南清真女寺调研、参与观察以及对男女阿訇的访谈,分析在和谐社会构建背景下伊斯兰教宗教文化的发展现状及存在问题,提出引导穆斯林女性宗教文化促进和谐社会构建的对策和建议。     

Ambivalent Islam: the identity construction of Muslims under Portuguese colonial rule

This article wishes to contribute to the study of the historical processes that have been spotting Muslim populations as favourite targets for political analysis and governance. Focusing on the Portuguese archives, civil as well as military, the article tries to uncover the most conspicuous identity representations (mainly negative or ambivalent) that members of Portuguese colonial apparatus built around Muslim communities living in African colonies, particularly in Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique. The paper shows how these culturally and politically constructed images were related to the more general strategies by which Portuguese imagined their own national identity, both as ‘European’ and as ‘coloniser’ or ‘imperial people’.

The basic assumption of this article is that policies enforced in a context of inter-ethnic and religious competition are better understood when linked to the identity strategies inherent to them. These are conceived as strategic constructions aimed at the preservation, protection and imaginary expansion of the subject, who looks for groups to be included in and out-groups to reject, exclude, aggress or eliminate. The author argues that most of the inter-ethnic relationships and conflicts, as well as the very experience of ethnicity, are born from this identity matrix.     

The Changing Context of Fatherhood in Canada: A life Course Analysis

Arabs in Israel are a heterogeneous but largely underprivileged minority with a history of disadvantage in several domains, including education and employment. In this paper, we document changes in their attainment of various educational levels across cohorts born from the mid-1920s to the 1970s. We make comparisons among different Arab religious groups, between men and women, and between Arabs and the majority Jewish populations in Israel. We find that over consecutive birth cohorts, substantial ethnic differences in educational attainment have narrowed at the lower levels of schooling, but have increased at higher levels. Moreover, the results indicate that the disadvantage of Muslim Arabs in terms of entry into and completion of high school can be accounted for only partially by differences in the social status of their parents and characteristics of their neighbourhoods. The findings suggest that long-term historical differences among groups and discriminatory practices towards Arabs are important factors in explanations of disparities in educational attainment.     

汉语“爸爸”词源考

汉语“爸爸”一词广泛应用,对其词源考证有一定意义.从历史文献入手,可显示其来龙去脉.结果证明“爸爸”这个迭声词进入汉语系统,来自阿拉伯语“巴巴”,一个对男性长者的尊称词.结论是,回回先民进入中国,与汉族社会交流,将该词传入;至今,其意思的表达,仍有历史的痕迹.     

西北回族话对汉语佛教词的回避与化用

在西北回族话中,由于宗教禁忌或民族习俗等原因,对汉语中的某些佛教词采用了回避,甚至排斥的态度,但又有意或者无意地保留了一些原本属于表达佛教意义的词,只是在使用这些汉语佛教词时,赋予了伊斯兰教内容。这种词语的回避和化用,是语言接触与文化兼容在语言中的表现。