美国进步运动时期黑人问题边缘化初探

19世纪末20世纪初,黑人问题在美国社会相当严重,但进步运动却并没有将黑人包括在社会改进计划之中。联邦政府不仅不给黑人“公平施政”和“新自由”,而且把种族隔离制度引入政府部门。进步运动是白人社会主导的改革运动,关注的只是白人在工业化中面临的问题。同时,种族优越论在美国社会占据主导,白人社会把黑人的不幸看作是自然选择的结果。而黑人内部斗争路线分歧严重,尚不能形成有效的斗争力量。这些都导致了黑人在进步运动中日益被边缘化。     

马克思恩格斯封建学说方法论与普适性

马克思恩格斯的社会形态学说有其特殊的方法论,表现在其特殊的结构演化及历史环境决定论方法.这一点说明了马克思恩格斯的社会形态学说整体上是不存在对立与矛盾的.或者更具体地说就是:是不存在所谓线性演化与多元异途演化的对立的.马克思恩格斯的封建学说有着不同的层次与结构,既有特殊的、对西欧社会经济形态的实证研究,也有更一般的、从整个人类社会经济形态演化的角度进行的论述.就后者而言,是有其普遍适应性的.对于马克思恩格斯的社会经济形态学说及封建学说的方法论及其不同层次与结构我们必须全面把握.     

空间隔离与农民工城市融入

从空间隔离角度考察对农民工城市融入的影响,结果发现：居住空间隔离、职业空间隔离对农民工的城市融入有显著的负向影响,老一代农民工、中小城市的居住空间隔离效应要大于新生代农民工和大城市,社区空间隔离对农民工城市融入的影响不显著。此外,通过分位数回归发现居住空间隔离对高融入程度的农民工呈显著负向影响,职业空间隔离和社区空间隔离对不同融入程度的农民工均呈显著影响。相应的政策含义是,在促进农民工城市融入过程中,应注重降低农民工与市民的居住空间、职业空间和社区空间隔离,通过空间融合促进城市融入。     

Leaving Science: Gender Differences in Career Continuity Following a Job Loss

This study investigates gender differences in the postdisplacement experience of nonacademic science and engineering (S&E) workers. Using a pooled sample created from the Displaced Worker Surveys conducted between 1994 and 2008, it finds that (1) this S&E work force is particularly vulnerable to job loss and potential career disruption; (2) displaced female S&E workers are more likely than comparable male workers to exit the work force, a gender difference that is conditional on and explained by marital and parental status; and (3) reemployed female S&E workers are also more likely to leave science for non‐S&E occupations, but this gender difference is limited to unmarried workers. A concluding section discusses the implications of these findings for interpreting gender differences in career outcomes.     

The persistence of white flight in middle-class suburbia

Scholars have continued to debate the extent to which white flight remains racially motivated or, in contrast, the result of socioeconomic concerns that proxy locations of minority residence. Using 1990–2010 census data, this study contributes to this debate by re-examining white flight in a sample of both poor and middle-class suburban neighborhoods. Findings fail to provide evidence in support of the racial proxy hypothesis. To the contrary, for neighborhoods with a larger non-white presence, white flight is instead more likely in middle-class as opposed to poorer neighborhoods. These results not only confirm the continued salience of race for white flight, but also suggest that racial white flight may be motivated to an even greater extent in middle-class, suburban neighborhoods. Theoretically, these findings point to the decoupling of economic and racial residential integration, as white flight may persist for groups even despite higher levels of socioeconomic attainment.     

Women's work in UK official statistics and the 1980 reclassification of occupations

Analyses using either time series or longitudinal data can be complicated by having to disentangle real changes from the artefactual effects imposed by the reclassification of key variables. In this paper the Warwick occupational conversion program is used to create adjustment tables which correct for the artefactual effect of the 1980 reclassification, along with coder errors, on 1971–1981 patterns of occupational sex segregation in longitudinal data from the Office for National Statistics's Longitudinal Study. The crowding of large numbers of women into a few occupational groups, which is consistent through the reclassification, arises in part because classification schemes fail to recognize the diversity in their work. This reflects past practice and the undervaluation of women's skills.     

A new family of random graphs for testing spatial segregation

The authors discuss a graph‐based approach for testing spatial point patterns. This approach falls under the category of data‐random graphs, which have been introduced and used for statistical pattern recognition in recent years. The authors address specifically the problem of testing complete spatial randomness against spatial patterns of segregation or association between two or more classes of points on the plane. To this end, they use a particular type of parameterized random digraph called a proximity catch digraph (PCD) which is based on relative positions of the data points from various classes. The statistic employed is the relative density of the PCD, which is a U‐statistic when scaled properly. The authors derive the limiting distribution of the relative density, using the standard asymptotic theory of U‐statistics. They evaluate the finite‐sample performance of their test statistic by Monte Carlo simulations and assess its asymptotic performance via Pitman's asymptotic efficiency, thereby yielding the optimal parameters for testing. They further stress that their methodology remains valid for data in higher dimensions.     

Residential Segregation on the Island: The Role of Race and Class in Puerto Rican Neighborhoods

In this paper, we use racial data from Census 2000, available for the first time in 50 years, to examine the links among race, socioeconomic status, and residential location on the island of Puerto Rico. Puerto Ricans overwhelmingly chose white as their race, and they chose only one race, not a combination of races that would seem more in keeping with the ideology of mestizaje. Overall, segregation by race is modest compared with residential segregation in the United States. In keeping with the Puerto Rican claim that class is more important than race, we find that segregation by race is generally lower than segregation between the lowest and highest income categories in all metro areas, but that the results for education and occupational status differ by metropolitan area. In San Juan-Bayamón, the most diverse metropolitan area on the island, we find that as percent black increases, neighborhood socioeconomic status decreases, though the changes are not that stark, except in Loiza, a community of black Puerto Ricans and in some Dominican neighborhoods, though there are relatively few of these neighborhoods.     

Towards economic empowerment: segregation versus inclusion in the Kenyan context

Given the well-documented links between poverty and disability in the majority world, and the mandate given to address this issue by international agreements, such as the recent United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, this paper examines the issue of how best to promote economic empowerment in the Kenyan context. The paper presents findings from recent field research, based on a series of 10 case studies, conducted in Kenya during June and July 2010. The main aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of segregated and inclusive strategies. The paper concludes that, while inclusive strategies have a number of advantages over segregated strategies, and have achieved considerable success, segregated strategies may still have an important role to play.     

一级学科背景下社会经济统计学的发展

 本文基于统计学成为一级学科这个背景，分析了社会经济统计学面临的机遇与挑战，阐述了进一步发展社会经济统计学的四个基点——遵循历史轨迹、深化和拓展对社会经济现象的认识、规律研究与方法研究并重以及立足于对中国社会经济现实问题的研究，并且提出了加强合作、搭建平台的有关设想。