Reforming Land‐Tenure Systems in South Africa: Routes to Socio‐Economic and Agricultural Sustainability

Given the historical development of land tenure in South Africa, the aim of this article is to examine the best routes to alleviate poverty and retain sustainable agriculture in the country. First, a theoretical framework is presented that relates land tenure to sustainability, and three historical periods (pre‐colonial, colonial, and apartheid) are then considered to explain the changes in land tenure and their consequences. The progress and main limitations of post‐apartheid land reform to approach agricultural sustainability and alleviate poverty are discussed. Based on the analysis, different possibilities for future land reform are elaborated, followed by some recommendations for future land‐reform policies in South Africa.     

雷州话与厦门话中外来词的异同及其根源

从文献资料及现状调查两方面入手,分析了同为闽南方言的雷州话和厦门话在吸收外来词数量和范围上有很大差异的情况,这与两个地方的历史地理、对外语的态度以及社会政治体制等有关。     

南非驰名商标保护第一案:麦当劳案

驰名商标的概念已为世界各国所接纳,但各国对驰名商标的认定和保护措施各不相同。1996年的"麦当劳诉朱伯格旅行饭店有限公司案"是南非新《商标法》出台后在驰名商标保护方面的第一案,南非对驰名商标的认定及保护措施在该案中得到了较好的体现和运用。该判例在商标权保护方面的重要地位,对于我国驰名商标保护亦有重要的借鉴意义。     

司法过程中的习惯法查明——基于非洲法和普通法的启示

习惯法的可适用性已经越来越受到司法实务界的关注,从而司法过程中对于习惯法是否存在的确定、当事人对于习惯法的解释产生冲突时如何选择等诸多问题,就摆在法官们的面前.非洲是习惯法极为发达的地区之一,普通法也与习惯法有着天然的联系,因此,研究这两个法体系对习惯法的司法查明和适用极有价值,其许多方法,如通过权威证明、教科书查明、习惯法编纂、判例宣示、司法认知等都是值得我们借鉴的.这些方法的使用首先取决于习惯法在司法过程是作为事实还是作为法律的对待,不同的回答会导致适用不同的方法,但这些方法并非水火不容,而可以加以综合运用.     

日、韩动漫产业发展的启示与借鉴

依据我国动漫产业的发展环境状况,从动漫产业人力资本化、产业链优化、产业协作与交流平台的建立以及动漫产业创新性发展的角度,研究日、韩动漫产业发展的特点与成功经验。指出我国应积极借鉴日韩动漫产业发展的经验,加强区域间协作与交流平台建设,积极提高产业空间资源配置效率与技术水平,实现创新性、跨跃性发展。     

论魏晋南北朝的同题共作赋

同题共作属于集体性的创作活动,赋的同题共作以魏晋南北朝为盛,这与当时文学集团的兴盛有直接关系。同一命题、相同环境下的创作,及其所固有的切磋品评的创作目的,使同题共作赋呈现出相反相成的两种倾向:一是题材范围和艺术风格上的趋同,二是同中求异的竞胜争高。这种方式的创作对于赋体文学表现领域的拓展和艺术技巧的提高都产生了重要作用。魏晋南北朝同题共作赋的文学史意义,则主要表现在促进了短赋的发展,并加快了多诗少赋的文学进程。     

韩国农业农村立法及其若干启示与建议研究

韩国十分重视农业农村立法,通过三级立法体制,形成了较完善的农业农村法律体系。其特征表现在:法律法规体系比较健全,配套法规建设自成体系,适时修改法律法规及规则,重视农村建设、农民教育与农业组织立法。韩国的经验与做法启示我们:要大力推进新农村建设,就必须采取一系列切实有效的立法措施与政策措施,以保证新农村建设目标的顺利实现。为此建议:要高度重视农村社会发展,立法与政策双管齐下,改善农民的生产和生活条件;密切关注农民合作组织发展动向,立法与政策齐头并进,切实提高农民的社会地位;大力推进农民教育培训,立法与政策双向互助,努力提高农民综合素质;健全农业科研和农技推广体系,立法与政策共同发力,持续提高农业劳动生产率。     

视觉权力反抗下的艾米丽

《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》引起了很多研究者的兴趣,但是,是谁以及为什么献给艾米丽一朵玫瑰花却没有定论。从视觉权力的角度分析这一问题,指出艾米丽作为个体的“被看者”在面对“看”所代表的集体权力时,表面采取了顺从,实际运用了最强烈的反抗,扭转了“看”与“被看者”的不平等关系,从而赢得福克纳的一朵代表敬意的玫瑰花。     

新发现的南社诗人张素小说作品

《远东报》是晚清东北地区最早的中文报纸,其“文苑”专栏所刊载的大量文学作品,至今尚未引起学界关注。当时主持《远东报》笔政的乃是南社诗人张素,他以“婴”或“婴公”为笔名,在《远东报》上刊发了他的长篇小说《最新之儒林外史》和若干诗词作品。通过对这些材料的搜集与整理,丰富了我们对这位南社诗人的认识。     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.