The Forced Resettlement of Azerbaijanis from Armenia, 1948–1953

This article investigates the underlying reasons and processes for the resettlement of Azerbaijanis from Armenia in 1948–1953—an undertaking sanctioned by Josef Stalin under the official mantle of strengthening the cotton-growing industry in the Kura-Araz lowland region of Azerbaijan. The decree, which the Soviet leader signed in 1947, also contained a clause on the necessity of vacating places in Armenia for foreign repatriates—a project launched by Moscow in pursuit of territorial claims on Turkey in 1946–1949. This resettlement project reignited the ethno-territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan during Soviet rule; however, in its immediate aftermath, the Soviet authorities were able to keep the situation under control.     

中国特色社会主义的两大现实优越性

中国特色社会主义创新了马克思主义的理论形式,是科学社会主义在当代中国的实践形态。它与苏联社会主义模式和西方资本主义制度有着重大区别,具有强大的现实优越性。一方面,它既坚持科学社会主义的基本原则,又从国内外实际出发论证了一国独立自主进行社会主义建设和改革的必要性与重要性,在不断推进马克思主义中国化的同时,立足于我国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情,选择并完善了社会主义市场经济体制,因而优越于苏联社会主义模式;另一方面,它既创新了人类社会发展模式,又从东西方文化的对比中阐释了世界文明发展样态的统一性与多样性,在分析当前西方国家发展内外困境的同时,牢固树立了“人本”、“和谐”的执政理念,为世界各国文明进步注入了新的活力,因而优越于西方社会资本主义制度。     

The roots of Regina Spektor’s post-Soviet poetics

ABSTRACT

Regina Spektor’s rigorous training in piano, starting in the Soviet Union and continued throughout her youth in the United States, helps to explain her skills in composing complex and unexpected pop music. Less obvious, though, will be an understanding of the roots of her poetic skills in writing lyrics. This paper examines how Spektor was influenced by Russian bard tradition, as well as the widespread informal music dissemination network known as magnitizdat.     

Jewish response to the non-Jewish question: “Where were the Jews during the fighting?” 1941–5

ABSTRACT

The war of the USSR against Nazi Germany led to an increase of negative expressions in regard to Jews. Often members of the Soviet population accused Jews of avoiding combat, of cowardice, and of an inherent incapacity to feel patriotic toward Russia. Such a view was an adaptation of prewar anti-Jewish prejudices to war-time conditions. Some Jews, both at the front and in the rear, viewed these expressions as a sign of the emergence of an ethnic inequality that did not exist in the prewar Soviet Union. Increased Jewish sensitivity to one aspect of the theme of equality (the idea that Jews were fighting as well and as bravely as members of other ethnic groups) inclined Soviet Jews to prefer the term and concept of “Soviet” rather than those of “Russian.” The former represented for them a state of all its ethnic groups, including the Jews, while the latter appeared to reflect a priority accorded to a single ethnic group, the Russians. Anti-Jewish attitudes in the Soviet rear and, to some extent, at the front as well, was one factor that led to the reinforcement of the Soviet Jewish identity.     

苏联文学的批评及其反思

如何评价20世纪苏联文学是值得深入探讨的问题,主要存在两种思想倾向,一是全面否定,二是有意识的遗忘。历史上的非主流文学有必要进行价值回归,但是,由此对主流文学进行排斥,无疑是从一个极端走向另一个极端,有失偏颇。历史地、理性地审视苏联文学当是一种正确的指导思想。     

大学文化形成的外部因素(一):国际影响与大学文化——以北京钢铁学院(1952-1966年)为例

文章简要回顾了近代以来中国大学的外来影响,以创建于20世纪50年代院系调整时期的北京钢铁学院(1952—1966年)为例,阐述了“以苏为师”对学校早期文化形成的影响路径和机理,比较了“以苏为师”对学校不同系科的影响差异,为理解这一时期新建院校大学文化形成中的外来影响提供了参考样本。      

苏联专家对北京师范大学教育改革的影响

1950--1958年苏联专家指导北师大进行教育改革,对北师大和中国师范教育的发展产生了积极影响：为教育的发展提供了师资保证;加强了中苏教育文化交流;增强了中苏两国人民的友谊;促进了基础教育的改革和发展。但同时也存在着束缚了师生思想的自由发展等消极影响。由此,对当代中国大学学习外国教育经验的借鉴意义是学习外国教育理论和经验,切忌犯教条主义与形式主义的错误;不能以政治或社会制度为取舍的标准。     

试论湘鄂赣苏区的教育工作

发展湘鄂赣苏区的教育事业,大力提高苏区军民的思想觉悟和文化知识水平,是党和苏维埃政府的重要任务和奋斗目标之一。可以说,在较短的时间里,苏区的红军教育、干部教育、儿童教育和群众教育均取得了重大成就,这是中国以往的历届政府所无法比拟的。     

近10年来雅尔塔体制问题研究的新进展

苏东剧变以来,雅尔塔体制日益成为史学界研究的热点.学者们一致认为雅尔塔体制的内涵不宜理解得过狭,也不宜过宽.关于雅尔塔体制的性质、特点和评价有明显的分歧,但都对传统观点有突破.学者们还对雅尔塔体制与冷战的关系、凡尔赛体系与雅尔塔体制的异同、雅尔塔体制与东欧国家的集团化等方面问题进行了专题研究,并对苏联与雅尔塔体制以及中国与雅尔塔体制的关系进行了重新评价.