《核电档案分类准则及编码规则》的修订建议

《核电档案分类准则及编码规则》的实施解决了国内核电企业档案分类与编码的行业标准有与无的问题,固化了国内核电企业档案管理对文件分类与编码成果的继承要求,拓展了国内核电企业档案分类与编码的实践空间.面对核电行业信息化及职能管理变化趋势,后续修订需进一步体现档案类目设置的扁平化,强化二级综合类的设置,保证职能分类的一致性,容纳文件编码与档案编码的同一性做法。     

非法证据排除规则的比较与完善

非法证据排除规则的概念及其意义,在于协调惩罚犯罪与保护人权之间的冲突,使诉讼制度文明、民主、科学化。比较西方资本主义普通法系、大陆法系两大类型典型国家在设置非法证据排除规则的异同,可以发现这一诉讼制度有不断走向国际融合的趋势。因此,我国有进一步完善非法证据排除规则的必要。     

乡村治理中现代乡规民约的民间法理论问题

乡村治理是实施乡村振兴战略的总体要求,推进乡村振兴战略,实现乡村治理现代化,已成为当下的重要任务。乡规民约中流淌着中华民族传统文化的精髓,有着深厚的中华传统文化积淀,对乡村治理起着举足轻重的作用。乡规民约作为民间法的一种,具有明显的地域性、灵活性和适应性,能够调整国家法所不能到达的地方。然而,乡规民约也有其自身的局限性。因此,要实现乡村治理有效,必须构建自治、德治、法治相结合的乡村治理体系。     

Subset Selection Toward Optimizing the Best Performance at a Second Stage

In the search for the best of n candidates, two-stage procedures of the following type are in common use. In a first stage, weak candidates are removed, and the subset of promising candidates is then further examined. At a second stage, the best of the candidates in the subset is selected. In this article, optimization is not aimed at the parameter with largest value but rather at the best performance of the selected candidates at Stage 2. Under a normal model, a new procedure based on posterior percentiles is derived using a Bayes approach, where nonsymmetric normal (proper and improper) priors are applied. Comparisons are made with two other procedures frequently used in selection decisions. The three procedures and their performances are illustrated with data from a recent recruitment process at a Midwestern university.     

Control charts for location based on different sampling schemes

Control charts are the most important statistical process control tool for monitoring variations in a process. A number of articles are available in the literature for the X? control chart based on simple random sampling, ranked set sampling, median-ranked set sampling (MRSS), extreme-ranked set sampling, double-ranked set sampling, double median-ranked set sampling and median double-ranked set sampling. In this study, we highlight some limitations of the existing ranked set charting structures. Besides, we propose different runs rules-based control charting structures under a variety of sampling strategies. We evaluate the performance of the control charting structures using power curves as a performance criterion. We observe that the proposed merger of varying runs rules schemes with different sampling strategies improve significantly the detection ability of location control charting structures. More specifically, the MRSS performs the best under both single- and double-ranked set strategies with varying runs rules schemes. We also include a real-life example to explain the proposal and highlight its significance for practical data sets.     

Comparing Possibly Misspecified Forecasts

Abstract

Recent work has emphasized the importance of evaluating estimates of a statistical functional (such as a conditional mean, quantile, or distribution) using a loss function that is consistent for the functional of interest, of which there is an infinite number. If forecasters all use correctly specified models free from estimation error, and if the information sets of competing forecasters are nested, then the ranking induced by a single consistent loss function is sufficient for the ranking by any consistent loss function. This article shows, via analytical results and realistic simulation-based analyses, that the presence of misspecified models, parameter estimation error, or nonnested information sets, leads generally to sensitivity to the choice of (consistent) loss function. Thus, rather than merely specifying the target functional, which narrows the set of relevant loss functions only to the class of loss functions consistent for that functional, forecast consumers or survey designers should specify the single specific loss function that will be used to evaluate forecasts. An application to survey forecasts of U.S. inflation illustrates the results.     

Australian and New Zealand Indigenous mothers’ report respect for smoking bans in homes

BackgroundThere is limited data about the reasons behind residential rules to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure or the establishment or enforcement of such rules in Indigenous populations.AimWe aimed to gain an understanding of smokefree rules around Australian and New Zealand (NZ) Indigenous infants.MethodThis was a qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial that aimed to test the efficacy of a family-centred tobacco control programme about environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to improve the respiratory health of Indigenous infants in Australia and New Zealand. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 Indigenous mothers of infants in Australia (n = 7) and NZ (n = 19). We asked about the presence of smokefree rules, who set the rules, how the rules were set and enforced, and presence of smokefree rules in participants’ wider social circle. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and inductively analysed to identify key themes.FindingsSixty-nine percent of mothers had partners, 77% smoked and all reported some presence of smokefree rules for house and car. Three main themes were identified: strategies to minimise exposure to ETS, establishing smokefree rules in homes and cars, and, adherence and enforcement of smokefree rules. Several strategies were identified to limit children's exposure to ETS, including rules to limit exposure to third-hand smoke. Mothers extended their smokefree rules to apply to other people's houses or cars, and reported that their family and social circles also had smokefree rules. The main reason for having smokefree rules was for the health of their children. Rules were most commonly set by the mother, often jointly with their partner. Few mothers reported challenges or problems with other people adhering to the smokefree rules.ConclusionWomen tried very hard to, and believed that they were effective in, protecting their children from the harmful effects of ETS exposure. In this context, health professionals need to emphasise smoking cessation in parents, so that children are maximally protected from ETS exposure.     

大学英语课程设置改革途径之一——增设特殊用途英语

本文旨在通过对我国大学英语教学现状和当今社会对高校人才培养需求现状的分析，提出大学英语课程设置改革的途径之一是增设特殊用途英语课程。特殊英语课程建设在于提高教师个人教学能力和某一特定专业基础理论和专业知识的素养，建立四有教学团队，制定四维的教学目标和展开突出四性的教材建设。     

普通逻辑教学中的周延性问题──欧拉图解判定法

本文针对学生对普通逻辑教学中词项的周延性问题的疑惑,利用欧拉图的判定方法,通过直观的形式,并从是否具有必然性的角度分析了性质判断中主谓项的周延性情况。本文认为此种方法具有很强的说服力,可为广大的师生所采纳。     

统一知识产权法新论

我国现行知识产权法本就零散,加之修补,立法层多,使得相关法律法规不完善、不配套,甚至存在一定程度的矛盾,应参照国际经验,制定统一的知识产权法,并界定统一知识产权法的范围,将其作为一个独立的法律部门。文章对制定统一知识产权法提出整体设想,对制定技术提出建议。