‘ … half-sick of shadows’: figure and ground in Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s imagination of the subaltern

ABSTRACT

This essay moves the category of the subaltern out of the exclusive domain of colonial historiography and resituates it in the context of contemporaneity. Taking my cue from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s insistence on the dream of postcoloniality in the realm of the global, I examine two ‘empirical anomalies’ that redefine subaltern insurgency, cultivate democratic reflexes, and defeat the expectations of their moment and milieu. Vivek Chibber’s Postcolonial theory and the specter of capital serves as a framing device to elicit the still-persuasive dimensions of Spivak’s landmark essay for our historical moment. While I remain unpersuaded by both his premises and his conclusions, his argument does throw Spivak’s interventions in the project of Subaltern Studies into relief. My method throughout, in the manner of Spivak and Paul de Man, is one of interruption and undoing; my aim is to delineate what Spivak describes as ‘the resistance fitting our time’.     

Writing in a role for structure: low-income young people's dual understanding of agency,choice and the welfare state

Young people, it is often argued, are more individualised and more free of older, class constraints than ever before. This has led some thinkers to debate the (positive) possibilities of ‘choice biographies’ and self-making among the young, alongside the (more sinister) possibilities of ‘epistemological fallacies’ blinding them to the limits of these self-making capacities. This article interrogates the idea of ‘epistemological fallacies’ for five groups of young people from low-income backgrounds in England. Comparing focus group discussions they had about their lives, with policies they wrote to address the problems of their lives, this article suggests that these young people were less blind to the limits of their own agency than individualisation theorists may predict, and were in fact acutely aware of the difficulties behind finding personal solutions to social problems.     

我国外贸代理制的现状与出路

外贸代理作为一种符合国际惯例的贸易方式,从理论上说,不同于过去外贸收购制的买断卖断.外贸代理制不仅能够充分发挥代理双方各自优势,还能降低经营成本,提高经济效益.外贸代理制作为我国外贸体制改革的主要内容之一,1984年就在全国开始推行.但代理制推行10多年来,困难重重,举步维艰,推而不广,成效甚微.其症结在于我国推行外贸代理制的法规不健全,代理不规范,而且代理双方对外贸代理制认识不足,因而缺乏积极性,为此必须采取相应的措施.     

Artistic autonomy in non-autonomous contexts: reframing collective agency and insurgence from Caribbean artist-managed spaces

This article engages the debates on collective agency, autonomy, institutional practices and socially engaged art by comparatively analyzing the activity of two Caribbean artist-managed spaces which emerged in the first decade of the twenty-first century: BetaLocal in Puerto Rico and L’Artocarpe in Guadeloupe. Based on fieldwork research and interviews with artists and art audiences, the examination of both projects will be driven by three main objectives: the first has to do with assessing in which ways both initiatives are shaped by their emergence in territories still attached to political and economic bonds. Secondly, I attempt to measure how both collective artistic organizations can approach the material conditions of cultural (re)production and autonomy, confronting the restrictions of Puerto Rican and Guadeloupean cultural and economic policies. Finally, I intend to locate my case study within a global panorama of socially engaged and collaborative artistic practice. From this perspective, I assert that collaborative practices emerging in still dependent contexts constitute a privileged viewpoint in order to examine issues of collective agency, empowerment and alternative futures.     

利他主义、代理成本与家族企业成长

家族管理模式的代理成本是高还是低?这是国外家族企业代理问题研究领域争论的焦点。本文分析了利他主义对家族企业代理成本的动态影响作用,本文认为:在家族企业发展的初期,利他主义有利于降低家族管理的代理成本;在家族企业发展的后期,利他主义会增加家族管理的代理成本。在此基础上,本文对学术界关于家族企业代理成本的争论进行整合,并从代理成本的维度提出了家族企业管理模式相机选择的原则。     

投资机会（IOS）设定下公司内部治理对经营绩效的影响——基于中国上市公司的经验研究

传统的公司治理研究将处于不同组织环境的企业等同对待,造成了研究结论的较大分歧.本文依据投资机会集(IOS)理论,运用我国上市公司的经验证据,在设定投资机会集的条件下,考察了不同成长性的企业其公司治理对经营绩效的影响.研究结果表明:成长性较高的公司,其经营绩效的改善与独立董事比例、高管层的持股比例显著正相关,但与高管层年薪相关关系不显著;成长性较低的公司.其经营绩效的提高与独立董事比例和高管层的持股比例相关关系均不显著,但与高管层年薪存在弱的正相关关系.     

企业资源、所有权性质与国际化程度——来自中国制造业上市公司的证据

本文基于资源基础理论和代理理论,探讨企业资源、所有权性质对国际化程度的影响。研究表明,企业资源对国际化程度有影响,并且知识资源比物质资源对国际化程度的影响更持久。具体而言,财务资源对国际化程度具有显著的正面影响,营销资源对国际化程度具有显著的负面影响,组织冗余与国际化程度呈U型关系。最后,基于中国特定的制度背景,本文提出并检验了所有权性质对于企业资源与国际化程度的关系具有调节作用的假说,发现与国有控股企业相比,非国有控股企业更偏好国际化战略,企业资源对国际化程度的影响更显著。     

股权分置改革后控股股东代理行为实证分析

本文借助所构建的控股股东代理行为指数,对股权分置改革后的控股股东代理行为进行了实证研究,研究结果表明:控股股东通过控制上市公司董事会影响上市公司的独立性,间接侵害上市公司和中小股东利益的行为比较普遍;大股东间的股权制衡对控股股东代理行为有抑制作用;增加独立董事比例、保障中小股东的投票权,减少隶属于控股股东单位的公司董事数量,建立适度规模的董事会有利于抑制控股股东代理行为。     

董事网络、信息传递与债务融资成本

如何有效缓解借贷双方的信息不对称对降低公司债务融资成本至关重要.在构建公司董事联结网络的基础上,从社会关系网络信息传递功能角度出发,分析董事网络影响债务融资成本的作用机理,进一步探讨在面临融资约束、代理成本以及两者交互作用下董事网络对债务融资成本影响的差异,采用社会网络分析、多元回归分析和二元Logistic回归分析等方法,以2006年至2010年中国沪深A股上市公司为研究对象进行实证分析.研究结果表明,总体上看,中国上市公司董事网络位置对债务融资成本的降低作用不显著;相比于非融资约束公司,存在融资约束时处于董事网络中心位置的公司债务融资成本降幅显著更大,说明信息不对称程度越高的公司更能从董事网络中获益;在融资约束和代理成本的相互制衡下,越处于董事网络中心位置的公司,其债务融资成本越低.董事网络的信息传递功能和治理效应在信息不对称公司的融资能力中扮演重要角色.     

终极控制权与资本结构决策

以2004～2008年我国上市公司为研究对象,从终极控制人的视角实证检验了终极控制股东特征对公司资本结构的影响。研究表明,负债融资扩大了终极控制股东可控制的资源,便利了其攫取行为,且不会导致控制权的稀释,终极控制股东两权分离程度与资本结构显著正相关。较高的现金流权能够有效制约终极控制股东通过扩大负债融资获取私有收益的行为,终极控制股东现金流权对其两权分离程度与资本结构间的关系具有显著的调节作用。与非国有控制公司相比,国有终极控制股东通过扩大负债融资获取私有收益的动机相对较弱,其两权分离程度对资本结构的正向影响也相对较小。