Perception and control of occupational injury risks in fishery--a pilot study

The frequency of occupational accidents in fishery is high in most fishery nations. Implementation of safety measures has, however, been limited. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to explore Swedish fishermen's attitudes towards occupational risks and accident control. Information was acquired through a questionnaire distributed to a convenience sample of 92 fishermen. Indices were built, containing variables relevant to perceived risk levels in connection with work, perceived manageability of risks, activity in safety work, technical knowledge and individual attitudes towards risks. The results did not support earlier findings of low risk awareness and risk acceptance among fishermen. Perceived manageability of risks but not perceived risk level, accident experience or risk acceptance, were significantly associated with activity in safety work. The results suggest that safety work might benefit from efforts to develop fishermen's understanding of how the development of hazardous situations can be prevented or managed. The results do not support strategies for accident control in fishery based solely on increasing risk awareness.     

建设工程管理决策中的系统分析方法

管理决策的科学性取决于管理方法、手段和技术的有效性。基于决策问题的系统分析方法是实施科学决策的基础,决策问题的提出是系统科学发展的动因。建设工程管理决策树立系统观点、应用系统方法进行量化和优化是提高其决策质量的有效方法。从系统分析与决策、建设工程管理决策的系统观以及建设选址问题中系统分析方法的应用三个方面理论与实际相结合,阐明了系统量化与优化对于建设工程管理决策的辅助支持作用,以期增强建设工程管理决策活动应用系统方法的自觉性,提高管理决策的质量和能力,促进建筑业的健康良性发展。     

对建立学院为中心的教学管理模式的探讨

建立学院制是高校内部管理体制改革和学科建设发展的一种思路。在校、院、系三级建制中 ,学院的管理处于中心地位。探讨了学院成为教学管理中心的运作方法和管理措施。     

高校“学生论坛”网站的管理模式探讨

网络技术的发展使高校“学生论坛”网站如雨后春笋般大量涌现,这些论坛网站的存在有利有弊,高校应因势利导,兴利除弊,使网站沿着正确的方向健康发展。本文在调查研究的基础上,阐述了“学生论坛”网站的现状及特点,指出了“学生论坛”网站存在的优点和弊端,分析了“学生论坛”网站管理的难点所在,最后提出了具体的管理思路和措施。     

The Experience of Gender Change in Public Sector Organizations

The state has a twofold relationship to gender change in society, through its overall steering capacity and through the gendered character of its constituent agencies. It is therefore important to understand the experience of gender change in state organizations. The findings from a study of gender relations in ten public‐sector worksites in New South Wales, Australia are presented. There is a widespread consciousness of gender change linked with new labour processes, restructuring and new patterns of management. These changes are uneven and limits to change are visible. Gender is recognized as an organizational problem in specific circumstances, most visibly where men’s resistance to change appears. A number of mechanisms limit the consciousness of gender as a problem. Several trends, including the current strength of neo‐liberalism, converge to make the gender‐neutral workplace the principal goal of gender reform in the public‐sector workplace. This, however, limits the state’s steering capacity in regard to societal gender relations.     

治理黄土高原必须抓住关键突破口

黄土高原是我国独特的地理区域,其水土流失严重,生态环境恶化,经济落后,问题很多,如何治理黄土高原一直是个难题。若能抓住关键突破口,如种树种草改善生态环境,防止水土流失,建设基本农田,解决粮食问题,开展多种经营,增加经济收入等,进行综合治理和开发,问题便将迎刃而解。     

南方丘陵山区县城经济发展的实证分析与对策探讨

县城是县域的政治、经济与文化中心,但长期以来我国的城市化政策忽视了县城的建设与发展,在城市经济快速发展的进程中,县城在县域经济中的龙头地位没有显现,辐射带动功能也还不强,县城经济发展明显滞后。郴州是南方典型的丘陵山区,文章在实证分析其主要县城经济的基础上,对县城经济的发展思路问题进行了探讨,要加快县城经济发展,必须按照科学发展观的要求,着力解决好资源聚集、产业聚集、市场聚集、人口聚集等方面的问题。     

Community-based household waste management: Lessons learnt from EXNORA's ‘zero waste management’ scheme in two South Indian cities

This paper presents two case studies on the efforts by a community-based organisation to promote a sustainable integrated waste management system in Indian mega cities. This effort was initiated in 1989 by a local non-governmental organisation (NGO) called EXNORA and is based on a ‘zero waste management scheme’ set up, run and financed by the residents themselves. As this model has been widely quoted as successful, the study aims at learning from two communities implementing this model.Results are reported from a survey of the two schemes that used various tools to assess both their performance and sustainability in selected residential areas of two Indian cities, Chennai and Hyderabad. The results indicate limited success of the schemes both in saving a significant fraction of the generated waste from dumping, and in rehabilitating the local poor. However, they show that motivated individuals can successfully set up and manage waste collection systems that lead to overall environmental improvements. The differences in the two schemes reflect how the local assets and contexts impact on the success of the scheme. The scheme in a rich neighbourhood of Hyderabad was less ambitious in its overall objectives and focussed on the provision of a waste management service, using the opportunity to provide local employment to a socially deprived fraction of the population. The scheme in a middle-class area of Chennai, although pioneering in its approach, suffered from diseconomies of scale and lack of social integration, making it less viable in the medium to long term. Both schemes suffered from a lack of community involvement, motivation and political support, which threatens the long-term sustainability of the enterprise. The research concludes that the role that communities can realistically play in management of their own waste depends on the local context. The system advocated by EXNORA seems to require significant local resources, and political and technical support which are hard to find and sustain without strong local leaders. Another model set up in the city of Visakhapatnam is finally introduced as an alternative. This is based on triangular contracts between the municipality, the residents and micro-enterprises and may provide a good solution in dealing with the technical and commercial aspects which communities find difficult.     

新时期学报资料信息工作之管见

文章从信息时代的需要出发,主要阐述了学报资料搜集的依据、原则和方法,提出了有效的管理办法和开发利用学报资料的新思路。     

关于中国封建经济结构

中国封建社会虽说是一种农业经济、自然经济,但商品经济却是它不可或缺的润滑剂、催化剂和动力。中国封建社会生产力的基础和主干是个体小生产农业,它要求土地与劳动力的紧密结合,自耕农便成为这种结合的最好形式,能够取得最大的经济效益,而地主土地所有制是以经济的手段与劳动者结合,也能取得较好的经济效益。在农业基础之上的是手工业和商业。城市和货币是中国经济结构涉及的两个特点,而凌驾于这一切之上的,是封建国家对经济的强大的控制与干预。