Measuring women's experiences of maternity care: A systematic review of self-report survey instruments

BackgroundRecognition of the measurement of women's experiences of their maternity care as a critical component of care quality evaluation has led to a proliferation of instruments to measure this concept. However, the suboptimal methodological and psychometric quality of these instruments, or the lack of reporting of same, hinders the credibility and efficient use of the arising results, which often serve as an indicator for the direction of limited resources within maternity services.AimTo review systematically and critically appraise self-report survey instruments measuring women's experiences of their maternity care.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using comprehensive searches of the CINAHL, OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE citation databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and a stepped approach employed to facilitate evaluation of the methodological and psychometric quality of included instruments.Findings4905 records were obtained from database searches. Additional records were obtained via reference checking and by expert suggestion. Following stepped screening, 40 papers related to 20 instruments are included in this review. Findings indicate that evidence of the methodological and psychometric quality have not been reported for many included instruments.ConclusionsPublished evidence of the methodological and psychometric quality of self-report survey instruments to evaluate women's experiences of their maternity care is lacking. The conduct and reporting of future development processes of such instruments can be improved.Systematic review PROSPERO registration: CRD42018105325.     

Effect of railway safety education on the safety knowledge and behaviour intention of schoolchildren

This study was designed to evaluate whether railway safety lessons are effective in increasing schoolchildren's safety knowledge and behaviour intention. The railway safety education in schools included a 45-min lesson on safe behaviour in a railway environment directed at 8–11 year old schoolchildren. The lessons were held in four schools located near railway lines in Finland. The effectiveness of this measure was evaluated based on a short survey directed at pupils before the lesson (base level) and around 2–3 months later (post-lesson) based on three variables which are considered as strong determinants of actual behaviour: behaviour intention, estimated dangerousness of the behaviour, and level of knowledge on the legality of the behaviour. The results show that the change in the share of correct answers was positive regarding all questions except for one question in which the difference was not significant. Based on this we can reasonably assume that railway safety education in schools can have a positive effect for all the measured variables, although the effect is not necessarily large. The results indicate that these positive changes can have a positive effect on the frequency of trespassing (i.e. fewer unsafe crossings in the future). We can further assume that reduction in the frequency of trespassing would reduce the frequency of trespassing accidents.     

Grasping the Diversity of Cohabitation: Fertility Intentions Among Cohabiters Across Europe

The authors examined the association between different meanings of cohabitation and fertility intentions. Using data from the Generations and Gender Surveys on 5,565 cohabiters from 9 European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Norway, Romania, and Russia), they proposed a cohabitation typology based on attitudes toward marriage, intentions to marry, and perceived economic deprivation. Despite substantial variation in the prevalence and types of cohabiting relationships across Europe, cohabitation has become a living arrangement within which childbearing intentions are commonly formed and at times carried out. The authors found that the meaning that cohabiters attached to their union influenced significantly their short‐term fertility intentions, net of other covariates. Cohabiters who viewed their unions as a prelude to marriage were the most likely to plan to have a child in the near future, both in Western and Eastern European societies. The association between fertility intentions and marriage intentions was particularly strong among cohabiters who do not as yet have children in common, but it was also present in a more muted form among cohabitating parents. The findings suggest that, although marriage and childbearing are becoming less closely linked life events, they are not disconnected decisions for a large majority of cohabiters across Europe.     

准确反映房地产价格水平的难点与对策研究

 房地产是一种有别于日常消费品的特殊商品：从经济形态看,既具有投资属性又具有消费属性;从物质形态看,具有固定性、耐久性和唯一性。房地产价格作为房地产经济运行中重要、敏感的市场信号,其价格水平及波动越来越受到社会各界的高度关注。但由于影响房地产价格水平的因素多而复杂,准确反映房地产价格水平及其变化的工作在全球范围都面临着严峻的挑战,我国也不例外。 基于不同类型商品价格指数必须遵从共同的基本规律和要求,以及房价问题的社会关注度和敏感性,本文在理清当前我国房地产价格统计工作现状并分析所存在难点及问题的基础上,重点探讨准确反映新建商品房销售价格水平的思路,提出进一步改革和完善我国房地产价格统计制度和方法、改进房地产价格统计各环节的工作和规范房地产价格信息发布,以更加准确地反映房地产价格水平及其波动的对策和可行性建议。     

Development of a survey instrument to evaluate women’s experiences of their maternity care

BackgroundThe process of developing a survey instrument to evaluate women’s experiences of their maternity care is complex given that maternity care encapsulates various contexts, services, professions and professionals across the antenatal, intranatal and postnatal periods.AimTo identify and prioritise items for inclusion in the National Maternity Experience Survey, a survey instrument to evaluate women’s experiences of their maternity care in the Republic of Ireland.MethodsThis study used an adapted two-phase exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Phase one identified items for possible inclusion and developed an exhaustive item pool through a systematic review, focus groups and one to one interviews, and a gap analysis. Phase two prioritised the items for inclusion in the final item bank through a Delphi study and consensus review.FindingsFollowing iterative consultation with key stakeholder groups, a bank of 95 items have been prioritised and grouped within eight distinct care sections; care during your pregnancy, care during your labour and birth, care in hospital after the birth of your baby, specialised care for your baby, feeding your baby, care at home after the birth of your baby, overall care and you and your household.ConclusionRobust and rigorous methods have been used to develop a bank of 95 suitable items for inclusion in the National Maternity Experience Survey.     

国外测算官方统计调查社会成本的实践及启示

本文通过介绍国外官方统计调查社会成本的测算实践发现,测算目的在于提高统计数据质量;测算主体一般为国家统计机构;测算方法不一,但均属测算花费的填报时间;测算对象主要为企业,但部分国家还测算住户和个人的统计调查社会成本;各国统计调查社会成本总体呈下降趋势。在此基础上提出,一是尽可能减少统计调查项目、统计报表数量以及每张统计报表中的指标数量;二是更多地利用大数据、行政记录等数据源;三是定期做好统计报表填报时间的分析。