Reciprocal relationships in tax compliance decisions

Reciprocity considerations are important to the tax compliance problem as they may explain the global dynamics of tax evasion, beyond individual tax evasion decisions, toward a downward or upward spiral. To provide evidence on reciprocity in tax compliance decisions, we have conducted a laboratory experiment in which we introduced two types of inequities. The first type of inequity is called vertical, because it refers to inequities introduced by the government when it sets different fiscal parameters for identical taxpayers, while the second type of inequity is called horizontal because it refers to the fact that taxpayers may differ in tax compliance decisions. In this setting, taxpayers may react to a disadvantageous or advantageous inequity through negative or positive reciprocal behaviors, respectively. Our results support the existence of negative and positive reciprocity in both vertical and horizontal cases. When both inequities come into play and may induce reciprocal behaviors in opposite directions, the horizontal always dominates the vertical.     

中国房地产税制:存在问题与改革设想

在现代市场经济条件下,房地产税制具有十分重要的功能。现阶段中国房地产税制存在房地产税收功能分散,房地产税种设置交叉重叠现象突出,计税依据不符合国际惯例,房地产保有环节税负偏轻和房地产税权分布结构不合理等问题。中国房地产税制改革已进入基础性制度建设阶段,必须按照"宽税基、简税种、低税率"的原则,实现房地产开发流转环节税收为主向房地产保有环节税收为主的房地产税制转型,去土地财政化,这就要适时开征房产税。开征房产税可以分两步走,近期对居民新购商品房超免税标准部分征收房产税,中长期覆盖到居民已购存量房地产。     

WTO框架下科学不确定性问题研究

WTO作为多边体制的支柱,不仅规定了货物、服务贸易,而且包括了动植物检验检疫、环境保护等涉及科学技术的领域,但WTO对这些领域的规定含混不清,导致各国对规则的解释往往采用了非统一的科学技术界定标准,这种技术标准成为贸易保护的正当性借口,在实践中许多国家以WTO之名行贸易保护之实。从某种意义上说,全球化肇始的标志是WTO体系,全球化的进一步发展则有赖于对WTO规则的进一步诠释,在环境保护、动植物检验检疫领域采取统一科学证据要件判定体系就成为了支撑WTO自由贸易精神的一个重要制度保障。     

Transfer Pricing in Transition Economies: Evidence from Ukraine

Faced with possibilities and challenges of doing business under different regulatory regimes, transnational corporations have developed a number of transfer mechanisms to take advantage of profit maximization opportunities. Transfer pricing is a transfer mechanism widely used by transnational corporations. Implications of transfer pricing for profitability and the need for transfer pricing regulation are well understood by national governments, which is reflected in the fact that more than 60 governments have introduced some form of transfer pricing controls. Transfer pricing is a challenging issue for transition economies as their transfer pricing regulatory systems are less mature than those of developed countries. The authors have initiated an empirical study on transfer pricing strategies in the Ukrainian market. In addition, the national regulatory regime for transfer pricing was evaluated compared to international best practices. This article is an attempt to draw attention of the research community and Ukrainian policy-makers to transfer pricing issues in Ukraine.      

论我国反倾销法的完善

我国 2 0 0 2年 1月 1日实施的《反倾销条例》在 1997年实施的《反倾销和反补贴条例》有关反倾销规定的基础上有了发展 ,但也存在严重不足 ,诸如反规避措施的规定过于抽象 ,公共利益条款欠缺 ,没有涉及代表第三国的反倾销行动 ,反倾销程序安排欠缺 ,行政复议和司法救济程序有待配套法律的实施 ,这都要求我国进一步完善反倾销立法     

我国企业对外直接投资涉税法律问题研究

中国企业对外直接投资的发展离不开税法的支持。分析我国企业对外直接投资涉税法律制度的现状,指出我国《企业所得税法》还存在很多不足,严重阻碍我国企业对外直接投资的长足发展。在对我国企业所得税法进行理论分析和借鉴发达国家经验的基础上,从促进企业“走出去”发展的角度,提出完善我国企业对外直接投资税收法律制度的建议。     

论我国企业所得税制的改革与创新

2007年颁布的《企业所得税法》和《企业所得税法实施条例》,建立一套既适合我国国情又具有一定国际先进性的科学、规范的企业所得税法律制度,是开展新一轮税制改革的第一个标志性成果。新企业所得税制不仅实现了内外资企业所得税的统一,而且以统一法律、公平税负、完善税制、促进发展为立法精神和指导思想,在纳税主体、税基、税率、税收优惠、避免重复征税、反避税等方面进行了多项制度创新。     

Tax evasion and emotions: An empirical test of re-integrative shaming theory

Shaming can be either of two types, shaming that becomes stigmatization of the offender and favors his exclusion from the community, or shaming that is followed by forgiveness and reintegration of the deviant. Here we test experimentally these aspects of shaming theory with a repeated tax-payment game, in which the shaming “ritual” consisted of displaying the evader’s picture in addition to charging monetary sanctions. Results show that when cheating is made public and the contravener is not successively reintegrated, the total amount of cheating is significantly increased compared to when cheating is made public but publicity is immediately followed by reintegration. The former condition is associated with more intense negative emotions related to cheating. This suggests that the employment of a social shaming mechanism may be an effective, albeit very sensitive, tool in the hands of policy makers.     

论PDCA循环在提高税收征管数据质量中的运用

对税收征管信息系统进行数据质量管理,确保系统的正常运行,为税收日常管理和决策提供可靠依据,是税收信息化过程中必须引起高度重视的问题。PDCA循环是现代质量改进的基本方法,在引入PDCA循环基本原理的基础上,借鉴和运用排列图法、因果分析图法和5S活动的工具分析,可有效改进税收征管信息系统数据质量。PDCA循环在实践运用中显示出它的有用性和成功性。     

改革并完善中国船舶吨税制度的若干思考

当前世界各海运大国普遍采用现代船舶吨税制度,以促进国际贸易发展。中国航运业大而不强,税收负担较重,"方便旗"问题未能根本解决,不仅阻碍了企业的可持续发展,也制约了中国对外贸易的进一步繁荣。因此,借鉴国际经验,采用现代吨税计算方法,以船舶吨税代替企业所得税,完善配套税制设计,建立中国现代船舶吨税制度,对于提升企业竞争力、助力企业"走出去"具有重要意义。