Reciprocal relationships in tax compliance decisions

Reciprocity considerations are important to the tax compliance problem as they may explain the global dynamics of tax evasion, beyond individual tax evasion decisions, toward a downward or upward spiral. To provide evidence on reciprocity in tax compliance decisions, we have conducted a laboratory experiment in which we introduced two types of inequities. The first type of inequity is called vertical, because it refers to inequities introduced by the government when it sets different fiscal parameters for identical taxpayers, while the second type of inequity is called horizontal because it refers to the fact that taxpayers may differ in tax compliance decisions. In this setting, taxpayers may react to a disadvantageous or advantageous inequity through negative or positive reciprocal behaviors, respectively. Our results support the existence of negative and positive reciprocity in both vertical and horizontal cases. When both inequities come into play and may induce reciprocal behaviors in opposite directions, the horizontal always dominates the vertical.     

WTO框架下科学不确定性问题研究

WTO作为多边体制的支柱,不仅规定了货物、服务贸易,而且包括了动植物检验检疫、环境保护等涉及科学技术的领域,但WTO对这些领域的规定含混不清,导致各国对规则的解释往往采用了非统一的科学技术界定标准,这种技术标准成为贸易保护的正当性借口,在实践中许多国家以WTO之名行贸易保护之实。从某种意义上说,全球化肇始的标志是WTO体系,全球化的进一步发展则有赖于对WTO规则的进一步诠释,在环境保护、动植物检验检疫领域采取统一科学证据要件判定体系就成为了支撑WTO自由贸易精神的一个重要制度保障。     

中国房地产税制:存在问题与改革设想

在现代市场经济条件下,房地产税制具有十分重要的功能。现阶段中国房地产税制存在房地产税收功能分散,房地产税种设置交叉重叠现象突出,计税依据不符合国际惯例,房地产保有环节税负偏轻和房地产税权分布结构不合理等问题。中国房地产税制改革已进入基础性制度建设阶段,必须按照"宽税基、简税种、低税率"的原则,实现房地产开发流转环节税收为主向房地产保有环节税收为主的房地产税制转型,去土地财政化,这就要适时开征房产税。开征房产税可以分两步走,近期对居民新购商品房超免税标准部分征收房产税,中长期覆盖到居民已购存量房地产。     

Tax evasion and emotions: An empirical test of re-integrative shaming theory

Shaming can be either of two types, shaming that becomes stigmatization of the offender and favors his exclusion from the community, or shaming that is followed by forgiveness and reintegration of the deviant. Here we test experimentally these aspects of shaming theory with a repeated tax-payment game, in which the shaming “ritual” consisted of displaying the evader’s picture in addition to charging monetary sanctions. Results show that when cheating is made public and the contravener is not successively reintegrated, the total amount of cheating is significantly increased compared to when cheating is made public but publicity is immediately followed by reintegration. The former condition is associated with more intense negative emotions related to cheating. This suggests that the employment of a social shaming mechanism may be an effective, albeit very sensitive, tool in the hands of policy makers.     

论PDCA循环在提高税收征管数据质量中的运用

对税收征管信息系统进行数据质量管理,确保系统的正常运行,为税收日常管理和决策提供可靠依据,是税收信息化过程中必须引起高度重视的问题。PDCA循环是现代质量改进的基本方法,在引入PDCA循环基本原理的基础上,借鉴和运用排列图法、因果分析图法和5S活动的工具分析,可有效改进税收征管信息系统数据质量。PDCA循环在实践运用中显示出它的有用性和成功性。     

改革并完善中国船舶吨税制度的若干思考

当前世界各海运大国普遍采用现代船舶吨税制度,以促进国际贸易发展。中国航运业大而不强,税收负担较重,"方便旗"问题未能根本解决,不仅阻碍了企业的可持续发展,也制约了中国对外贸易的进一步繁荣。因此,借鉴国际经验,采用现代吨税计算方法,以船舶吨税代替企业所得税,完善配套税制设计,建立中国现代船舶吨税制度,对于提升企业竞争力、助力企业"走出去"具有重要意义。     

试论晋察冀抗日根据地的救国公粮制度

抗日战争时期,晋察冀边区政府为适应敌后游击战争的特殊需要,创设了一整套不同于传统完粮纳税形式的救国公粮制度,它包括统一累进的征收原则、藏粮于民的储存办法、凭票领粮的支取方式。救国公粮制度的制定与实施,不仅改善了晋察冀抗日根据地的财政状况,保证了晋察冀抗日部队和政府机关的粮食供给,而且还为其他敌后根据地解决粮食问题树立了典范,成为中国共产党领导的抗日根据地坚持持久抗战的重要的物质保障。     

浅析税收筹划与合法避税

通过企业税收筹划进行合法避税,不仅有助于实现企业利润最大化,还有利于提高企业的经营管理水平和财务管理水平,并在一定意义上有助于国家宏观经济政策导向的实现。税收筹划除了应遵守国家的各项法律、法规外,还应具备税法知识、会计知识和其他法律知识。     

以家庭为单位征收个人所得税

个人所得税的征收,最原始的目的就是想通过税收的形式达到全社会的公平公正,目前世界上很多发达国家都采用以家庭为单位计征个人所得税,而我国尚未实施。我国目前仍就采用分税制来征收个人所得税,以家庭为单位征收个人所得税是必然趋势,相信在不远的未来,我国必然实施这种征收方式。