用创新精神探索学生思想工作的新路

随着我国高等教育在办学体制、管理体制、招生就业体制、经费筹措体制、学校内部管理体制等方面改革的不断深入和发展 ,给高校学生思想政治工作带来了大量的新情况、新问题。本文旨在探讨 ,在此新形势下加强和改进高校学生思想政治工作的新方法和途径     

Estimating chance reproducibility in Guttman Scaling

A definition of reproducibility in Guttman Scaling and two chance measures of reproducibility are suggested. The first measure assumes that the items are independent. The second method assumes nonindependent items and fits respondent and item margins by an iterative method used in fitting log-linear models. Chance reproducibility is conceptualized in terms of assumptions about respondent variability.     

Dynamic models and attainment in the workplace

The two most marked trends in recent stratification studies are: (1) the shift away from a statical approach to attainment and toward a dynamical representation of achievement, and (2) the shift away from the assumption that achievement is largely a matter of individual characteristics, and toward the view that achievement is the outcome of an employer-employee exchange of productive resources for earnings and status. This paper forges a link between these parallel trends by elaborating on previous formulations of dynamic models of achievement and applying the results to the analysis of earnings attainment in an internal labor market. The modeling section of the paper joins within a single framework the growing interest in ascertaining how a given structure of opportunity shapes achievement and in determining the different points in the career line at which individual background and resource variables impact attainment. Special attention is devoted to the problems facing researchers who wish to bring a dynamic conceptualization of achievement to cross-sectional or otherwise deficient data. Although the empirical application of the various models is largely meant to be illustrative, it is of interest in its own right because it goes substantially beyond previous efforts in this area.     

On the mode of administering a questionnaire and responses to open-ended items

Concurrently administered personal and telephone surveys are compared to measure differences between the modes for identical questions. Speed of questioning is found to be greater in telephone interviews than personal interviews. The faster pace of telephone interviews is linked to shorter answers to open-ended items on the telephone. The tendency to reduce such responses is disproportionately exhibited by younger, affluent respondents who tend to provide detailed responses in personal interviews.     

Sex similarities in occupational status attainment: Are the results due to the restriction of the sample to employed women?

Research on sex differences in occupational attainment suggests that working men and working women attain essentially the same mean level of occupational attainment and do so through quite similar processes. A possible explanation for these similarities is that the sample of working women contains an overrepresentation of successful women, since women who can afford not to work will stay out of the labor force unless they find a job commensurate with their education. This we define as a censoring problem. By extending a technique developed by Heckman, we can estimate the structural parameters for all women, regardless of current employment status. This procedure allows us to assess the impact of the censoring problem on women's occupational attainment equations.     

Size and duration of empires growth-decline curves, 3000 to 600 b.c.

Area changes of about 30 best known empires and states are compiled and tabulated. Superimposed and juxtaposed graphs (size versus time) help to visualize the relative size and location in time of these empires. Size-time integral, maximum stable size, adulthood date, and duration are defined operationally and are listed for 20 empires. A criterion is given for distinctness of successive empires. The size-time integral is a direct measure of an empire's impact on history insofar as that impact depends on sheer size and duration. The integral is largest for the Chinese Hsia-Shang, Egyptian New, Old, and Middle, Assyrian New, and Hittite empires. A world-wide territorial concentration index is tabulated. It increases during the period considered from 0.08 to 1.4% of the world dry land area.     

Theory Trimming

This paper attempts to show that the “Theory Trimming” technique makes little contribution to theory in sociology. A brief history of the technique is given, and several key assertions of its proponents are abstracted. These assertions are shown to be highly questionable. The general alternative to Theory Trimming is shown, and the relationship between Theory Trimming and more general orientations to research is discussed.     

从"国学研究会"到"国学院"--东南大学与20年代早期南北学术的地缘与派分

20年代胡适等人倡导“整理国故”运动,并以北大研究所国学门为中心展开系列的学术活动,在学界引起极大的反响。南方学术重镇东南大学的学者们除了以《学衡》与《史地学报》为阵地之外,以国文系师生为主成立了“国学研究会”创办刊物、展开演讲、编辑从书,进行了一系列的活动。针对北大国学门,东南大学国文系也计划组织“国学研究院”,但却遭到北方学者的抨击和校内新派的挖苦,由于东大不久即发生风潮,东南大学国学院最后是否真正成立也值得怀疑。从“国学研究会”到“国学院”的短短历程和遭遇,集中地反映了20年代早期南北学术界在“整理国故”运动中的地缘与派分。     

浅谈高校辅导员应具备的品质和观念

从树立服务意识和奉献精神,树立公平公正的意识和以身作则的精神,培养全局意识和责任心,树立完善的意识和学习的精神,培养勤勉的精神和创新的观念等五方面对高校辅导员应具备的意识和观念进行了阐述。