"第三条道路"与社会主义

“第三条道路”的理论认为 ,计划经济的社会主义只有在经济发展水平比较低的条件下才是有效的 ,市场社会主义可能成为计划经济的社会主义与市场资本主义的弊端的结合 ,否认科学社会主义关于社会主义代替资本主义的历史必然性 ,把社会主义的价值和伦理思想看成是社会主义的实质。“第三条道路”是一种伦理社会主义。     

民营经济的行政法问题及其改革

2004年修宪后,中国民营经济面临的行政法问题及其改革方案可概述为:第一,针对我国长期以来公私财产区别保护的问题,行政主体应牢固树立私有财产也神圣的理念,并重点规范其征收征用行为;第二,针对所有制的歧视问题,行政主体必须牢固树立各种所有制平等理念,并在市场准入、财税金融支持等方面对民营经济采取鼓励措施;第三,针对行业协会严重行政化的问题,为给民营经济创造良好的市民社会基础,我们要在行业协会的性质定位、社会资源配置方式和社会文化的养成等方面进行改革;第四,针对民营经济中社会保障不充分的问题,行政主体应将民营经济成员的社会保险工作作为今后社会保障工作的重点,并使其更具有可操作性.     

中小企业在第三方物流中的行业和组织形式选择

第三方物流业是一个大中小企业可以共存竞争的产业,中小企业在第三方物流市场中存在生存和发展的可能性,当然,中小企业在第三方物流产业中要实现与大企业的竞争与共存,就需要选择合适的行业,形成合理的产业组织形式,采取合理的竞争战略。     

航空产品责任诉讼初探——以美国立法与司法实践为视角

发生空难后,航空产品责任诉讼是受伤害旅客获得高额赔偿的重要途径,美国是航空产品责任诉讼的集中地,有着丰富的司法实践经验和较为完备的法律规定。航空产品责任诉讼的责任主体主要是航空产品制造商和航空器出租人,要使其承担产品责任,必须证明航空器存在设计、制造或警示说明缺陷。同时,美国法院常常会在航空产品责任诉讼中应用不方便法院原则,从私人利益和公共利益因素两方面进行考察,判断法院是否对案件行使管辖权。尽管由于法官自由裁量权的行使可能导致不同案件判决结果存在差异,但是通过对美国《第三次侵权法重述:产品责任》和相关案例的研究,在美国航空产品责任诉讼中原告的举证责任、不方便法院原则的适用标准等问题上仍有一些规律可循。     

三阶中立型分布时滞阻尼微分方程的振动定理

研究一类三阶非线性中立型阻尼泛函微分方程,利用Riccati变换和积分平均技巧,建立了保证该类方程的一切解振动或者收敛于零的若干新的充分条件,推广和改进最近文献的结果.     

Authenticity: Meanings,targets, audiences and third parties

Research shows that perceived authenticity conveys value in many disparate domains. The analytical attention of this research focuses on producers of products and services, identifying which actions and structures the typical individual associates with authenticity. Far less is known about how individuals and audiences differ in their interest, receptiveness and response to potentially authentic entities and services. Even less is known about how regulators, certifiers, critics and other third parties play a role in the social construction of authenticity. Yet the perception and valuation of a product or service as authentic rests largely with heterogeneous audiences and interpretive third parties. Accordingly, in this chapter, we review and develop theory and empirical research about how targeted entities (producers, persons, products, services), audiences and third parties combine to produce authenticity. For targets, we examine the range of actions and structures of various entities that have been empirically associated with authenticity. For audiences, we explore variations in interests in authenticity based on domain engagement, cosmopolitanism, and cross-cultural differences. For third parties, we consider the roles of other audience members, certifiers and regulators. Finally, we conceptualize a co-evolutionary process whereby targets, audiences and third parties combine to generate social pockets where authenticity is recognized and highly valued.     

Risk factors for severe perineal trauma during vaginal childbirth: A Western Australian retrospective cohort study

AimTo determine rates and risk factors for third and fourth degree perineal tears (severe perineal trauma) in a Western Australian context.Design and settingA retrospective hospital-based cohort study was performed using computerised data for 10,408 singleton vaginal deliveries from 28 weeks gestation.MethodsWomen with severe perineal trauma were compared to those without. Logistic regression analysis, stratified by parity, was used to assess demographic and obstetric factors associated with perineal trauma.ResultsSevere perineal trauma incidence was 3% (338/10408), 5.4% (239/4405) for primiparas and 1.7% (99/5990) for multiparas (p < 0.001). Adjusted risk factors associated with trauma and common across parity included Asian or Indian ethnicity, shoulder dystocia and assisted delivery. Epidural analgesia (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.96), preterm birth (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.72) and episiotomy (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.74) were protective in primiparas, while episiotomy was associated with increased risk in multiparas (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.18–3.45). Additional factors among primiparas were occipito posterior (OP) delivery (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.75–6.41) and prolonged second stage (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.46–2.68), and among multiparas included gestational diabetes (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04–3.03) and birth weight >4000 g (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.10–3.15).ConclusionParity differences in risk factors such as episiotomy, infant weight, OP delivery, gestational diabetes and prolonged second stage warrant investigation into clinical management. Although rates differ internationally, and replication evidence has confirmed consistency for certain demographic and obstetric factors, the development of internationally endorsed clinical guidelines and further research around interventions to protect the perineum are recommended.     

十一届三中全会与中国的改革

党的十一届三中全会,是中国社会主义改革史上的一个界碑。改革是一场革命,又是一场伟大的社会主义建设的实践。２０年来,沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路,在农村和城市进行了广泛而深刻的改革,经过起步、展开和深化三个阶段,不仅取得了巨大的历史性成就,而且创造了极为丰富的改革经验     

《中华民国临时约法》与法兰西《第三共和国宪法》的比较研究

《中华民国临时约法》(以下简称《临时约法》)是辛亥革命最重要的成果之一.《临时约法》是以法兰西《第三共和国宪法》为主要蓝本,同时根据当时孙中山让位于袁世凯的特殊需要加以改造而成.《临时约法》之所以选择以法兰西《第三共和国宪法》为主要蓝本,基于以下两点原因:一是出于“以法制袁”的考虑;二是受法国宪政史的启示.     

略论加强对第三批录取本科生的教学管理

自普通高等院校全国招生考试不断扩招以来,各个高校都相应做出政策调整,本文针对第三批录取本科生教学管理,就如何在降低入学门槛的情况下,构建有利于培养学生健全个性的平民教育和大众教育的实践教学体系,探讨如何适应社会需要并使之学而有成而尝试的点滴举措。