Avoiding type III error in program evaluation : Results from a field experiment

A common, yet questionable assumption underlying many evaluations of service intervention programs is that program clients uniformly receive the services purportedly available. The authors draw upon the experience of a randomized field experiment to point out the hazards of that assumption. They found marked differences among clients in the amount of actual service received during participation in the program evaluated. Moreover, the data suggest that program outcomes varied as a function of the amount of service received. These findings are offered as a cautionary note to other evaluators; the amount of service actually received by clients should be accurately recorded and incorporated into the analyses of program outcomes.     

The ers standards for program evaluation: Guidance for a fledging profession

THE ERS Standards, together with those of the Joint Committee, symbolize a commitment to the professionalization of evaluation. The two sets of standards, however, differ on at least five important dimensions: the perceived linearity of evaluation activities; preferred and permitted approaches (with one set heavily favoring quantitative/experimental approaches over any others); the purposes of evaluation; obligations to clients and stakeholders; and whether or not social science can be value-free (objective). Because these fundamental assumptions are so divergent, the possibility of combining or effecting a compromise between the two sets appears unlikely at this time.     

Smith's Sentiments (1759) and Wright's Passions (1601): the beginnings of sociology

Treatments of sources of Adam Smith's sociological theory of the self and associated ideas in The Theory of Moral Sentiments typically refer to classical antecedents or the work of his teacher Francis Hutcheson or his contemporary David Hume. During the seventeenth century, however, many books on the passions were published in London that arguably constitute an important but neglected source of Smith's treatment of moral sentiments. These works are largely forgotten today but at the time were widely read. They are not philosophical, partly devotional and predominantly psychological. Although Smith does not refer to these works his argument resembles theirs in many places. The importance of the seventeenth-century books on the passions, apart from their role in the history of psychology, is their bearing on contemporary economic practices. In this paper the connections between Smith and one of these books, Thomas Wright's The Passions of the Minde in Generall, are indicated.     

《拍卖第49批邮票》中的隐喻与意象解读

美国后现代作家托马斯.品钦在他的长篇小说《拍卖第49批邮票》中大量地运用了隐喻的表现手法。小说中充满了各种代码符号、科技术语、神秘言语、历史典故和各种比喻。通过解读这些极具象征意义的隐喻和意象,旨在揭示作家的创作意图和作品的深层含义。     

后现代社会中熵化现象缓解的对策——《熵》的复调型杂语研究

美国后现代主义代表作家托马斯·品钦将“熵”的多重概念运用到短篇小说《熵》中,表达了对生命、环境和宇宙惨淡未来的深刻担忧,但对于小说中体现的种种问题,包括如何实现人与人之间真正的交流与沟通,如何解决熵化现象,如何拯救世界与宇宙等,却没有给出完整清晰的解答.文章拟将巴赫金的杂语理论和复调理论相结合,在分析该小说语言特征的同时,试图寻找后现代社会中缓解熵化问题的途径.     

试论美国外交史学中的“威斯康星学派”之形成

美国外交史学中的“威斯康星学派”是一个富有特色的学派。该学派之所以能够在20世纪60年代崛起于威斯康星大学,除了威大历史上的进步主义史学传统这一丰厚的思想资源外,一个激进的史学家社区的存在,及紧密的私人情谊,是该学派得以创立的根本保证。正是通过威廉斯,美国外交史学中的“进步主义”传统才得以从查尔斯·比尔德、哈林顿一代,传递给了拉夫伯、加德纳和麦考密克一代;也正是威廉斯组建了一个人员基础雄厚的激进知识分子社区,并通过这一社区,把他本人以及拉夫伯等人置放在富有成果的思想脉络当中,从而获得创新的能量,然后打开局面,开宗立派。     

视野、距离与空间 ——哈代诗歌的宇宙意识

宇宙意识是英国文学作品中的一个重要传统。基于文本细读和历史考据,哈代的短诗和史诗剧《列王》中蕴含丰富的宇宙意识,并呈现出多层次分布,分别为地面视角中的宇宙意识、漫游视角中的宇宙意识以及俯冲视角中的宇宙意识;哈代在宇宙意识产生的视野、距离和空间中深刻思考人生、爱情、命运以及战争等与人性息息相关的主题,将宇宙意识转化为关注人类在宇宙中如何生存的生命意识;哈代诗歌的宇宙意识本质上是一种人文主义意识。     

论门罗新自然主义美学

托马斯·门罗在反对“思辨美学”的抽象性和“实验美学”的机械性的基础上,建立起自己的“科学美学”.它从研究艺术作品的角度切入美学,把艺术作为美学的核心和生长点,在一定程度上超越了传统美学.但是,门罗对认识论和实证科学的迷恋,使他的美学遗忘了情感这个阿基米德点,结果美学被置换成一种技术学或知识学.这样,门罗的美学不仅没有走向他自己所期望的科学的美学,反而堕入了一种新式的自然主义.     

读《乌托邦》——析托马斯·莫尔设想的公有制

指出《乌托邦》是空想社会主义创始者托马斯·莫尔的思想精髓所在,其中财产的公有制是乌托邦的最大特点,也是莫尔社会主义思想中最可贵的要素。通过关注《乌托邦》这个完美的共产主义国家图景,分析和讨论托马斯·莫尔的公有制思想。     

苔丝:一个最能体现哈代幻灭主题的人物形象

幻灭是哈代作品的重要主题之一.《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代最成功的小说,其主人公苔丝也是一个最能体现哈代幻灭主题的女性人物形象.哈代的幻灭主题主要体现在他对苔丝被人诱奸、遭人抛弃和最后又被人勒死等方面的详细刻画上.在哈代看来,苔丝的毁灭既是她自己的悲剧,同时也是社会和时代的悲剧.