关于向心理论中过渡类型问题的探讨

在应用向心理论时,由隐性语篇实体实现回指中心的语段通常会产生零回指中心和零过渡的问题,Laurel Fais(2004)为该类语段拟订的向心过渡类型虽基本解决了此类问题,但其应用能力仍显不足,本文针对语篇中嵌入的'诗歌语段对'现象,拟对其设定的过渡类型进行进一步划分,提出三种费力衔接过渡类型,使过渡类型适用于更广泛的语言事实.     

Forward and backward, horizontal and vertical: Transformation of occupational credentialing in the schooled society

Underdeveloped theory about educational credentialing flies in the face of the immense practice of educational degree attainment by ever increasing proportions of each new generation, and the ensuing pervasive belief in the power of degrees to both allocate individuals in the labor market and to serve as job requirements throughout the occupational structure. Considering educational credentialing at the center of the educational revolution in postindustrial society, a new theoretical argument is developed from the premise that education as an institution provides the logic by which educational credentialing becomes evermore legitimate, more so than from forces outside the institution itself such as the economy and labor market demand. In support of the proposed theory of credentialing, multiple sets of new findings about education, occupations, and work show that the common negative notion of run-away educational credentialism does not fit empirical trends. Second, as a function of widely held beliefs about education in postindustrial society, four institutional processes by which educational credentialing has deeply integrated into the occupational structure are described and illustrated with empirical observations and analyses. Lastly, consequences of the rapid and robust educational transformation of occupational credentialing for future sociological inquiry into social stratification and mobility are discussed.     

中国城市老人自杀问题分析

文章将在老龄化和城市变迁的背景下审视中国城市老人自杀的问题。笔者对中国自杀数据的整理和分析显示,中国城市老人在千禧年后的自杀率超过2000年之前的年均水平。以往的研究通常将久病厌世和家庭纠纷视为中国城市老人自杀的主要诱因。笔者却认为,相对剥夺感的大小可以强化或缓解这两个导致自杀的驱动力,所以应该在相关的分析中加以重视。为此,本文将集中分析医保的缺乏和城市开发对城市老人自杀问题的影响。     

“雷”的隐喻性语义泛化及其认知阐释

语义泛化是语言变化发展过程中一种常见的现象,当代流行词＂雷＂便是语义泛化的结果。随着网络的发展和人们认知模式的转变,＂雷＂被赋予了全新的含义。而与大多数语义泛化不同的是,＂雷＂的语义泛化是在隐喻机制作用下形成的,以此分析＂雷＂的隐喻性语义泛化的过程,并从关联理论的角度对其识解方法进行阐释。     

标记理论视角下的商业广告翻译

从标记理论的角度探讨英汉商业广告的翻译方法,对标记理论与商业广告大量的研究和对照,发现二者间有一种内在的天然联系。“标记式”是“无标记式”的变体,“广告语言”是“大众化日常语言”的变体。这两种语言变体均是为表达某种特别含义、特别情感而脱离常规语言的特别语言表达方式。商业广告有其明确的功能和目的——AIDMA。为了实现这些功能和目的,商业广告中大量使用“标记式”。考虑到英汉两种语言和文化方面的差异,英汉广告中的“有标记式”和“无标记式”,恰如其分的转换绝不能忽视。文章从“词形标记”和“音律标记”两个方面入手进行英汉广告中标记转换问题探讨,为确保英汉商业广告翻译的有效性提供了一个新的角度。     

先进文艺再生产--从《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》到"三个代表"重要思想

先进文艺再生产是代表社会前进方向的社会权力关系在公共文艺政策上的理论表达;是一种将文学性纳入社会总体文明取向中所构成的文艺意识形态话语.它是毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想,将马克思主义社会再生产原理和美学-历史的文艺批评原则,创造性地运用于中国文艺政策实践而继承和发展起来的当代马克思主义文艺理论.     

Introducing the Co-oriented Scansis (CoS) model: A case of chatbot,Lee-Luda

This study presents the Co-oriented Scansis (CoS) model, which provides a comprehensive understanding of scansis—a recently identified crisis type integrated into the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Using a crisis case of Scatter Lab, a South Korean AI company, as a model case, the study applies the CoS model to analyze the perceptions and meta-perceptions of both the organization and the public regarding the crisis. The data collection involved three official statements released by Scatter Lab and an analysis of 365 reviews from the Google Play users' reviews page of Science of Love—the app used by Scatter Lab to collect intimate conversations between romantic partners. The findings highlight the utility of the CoS model in explaining how Scatter Lab's AI crisis evolved into a scansis. Specifically, the organization's failure to accurately comprehend the public's perception of the crisis (second level co-orientation) and the resulting discrepancy between the organization and the public's perceptions (third level co-orientation) contributed to moral outrage, ultimately leading to a scansis. The study concludes by discussing the theoretical contributions of the CoS model and its practical implications for crisis management.     

Taking the reins: A grounded theory study of women's experiences of negotiating water immersion for labour and birth after a previous caesarean section

BackgroundWomen seeking a vaginal birth after a caesarean section (VBAC) frequently want to keep their subsequent labour and birth free from intervention. Water immersion (WI) during labour is potentially an effective tool for women having a VBAC for its natural pain-relieving properties. However, negotiating access to WI can be difficult, especially in the context of VBAC.AimTo explore women's experiences of negotiating WI for labour and birth in the context of VBAC.MethodologyThis Grounded Theory study followed Strauss and Corbin's framework and analytic process. Twenty-five women planning or using WI for their VBAC labour or birth were recruited from two midwifery practices and a social media group across Australia. Participants were interviewed during pregnancy and/or postnatally.Findings‘Taking the reins’, the core category explaining the women’s experiences of assuming authority over their birth, comprised five categories: ‘Robbed of my previous birth experience’; ‘My eyes were opened’; ‘Water is my tool for a successful VBAC’; ‘Actioning my choices and rights for WI’, and ‘Empowered to take back control’. ‘Wanting natural and normal’ was the driving force behind women’s desire to birth vaginally. Two mediating factors: Having someone in your corner and Rules for birth facilitated or hindered their birth choices, respectively.ConclusionThe women became active participants in their healthcare by seeking information and options to keep their birth experience natural and normal. Support from other women and advocacy in the form of continuity of midwifery care was crucial in successfully negotiating WI for their VBAC when navigating the complex health system.     

论理论与实在的关系

以牛顿力学为核心的近代自然科学研究的哲学基础预设了经典理论与实在之间的镜像关系.这种关系蕴含了两个基本假设:其一,科学理论的可靠性与实在性假设;其二,科学方法与科学仪器的有效性与客观性假设.这种观点曾受到马赫、彭加勒和迪昂等人的质疑,却得到了罗素和维特根斯坦的逻辑原子主义的支持.相对论力学进一步强化了这种关系.量子力学的产生对此提出的挑战是颠覆性的和空前的.量子理论是依赖于测量条件的理论,它与实在之间的关系是一种整体性的模拟关系.模拟的过程是主客观统一的不断相互作用的过程.在这个过程中,理论不再是对实在的直接描述,而是在特定的模型框架内谈论实在或理解实在.谈论实在是在特定条件下对实在的认知内容的表达,对实在机理的间接模拟,不是对实在本身的直接断言,也不是对实在行为变化的镜像表达.这种观点不需要我们放弃长期以来形成的科学有可能使我们认识实在的直觉与追求,而是承认,科学认知过程中存在的辩护等修辞因素也是对科学真理的探索、辩明与阐释.这是一种介于僵化的经典实在论与多元的相对主义视野之间的一种中间领域的语境认识论.     

基于极值Copula的投资组合集成风险度量方法

 应用极值的阈值与峰值模型来度量单个资产的风险价值,用两种不同的方法度量了基于Copula函数的沪深指数收益率的相关结构,比较了不同Copula函数下基于沪深指数的二元投资组合集成风险值,结果说明：Gauss Copula函数对沪深指数收益率的相关结构拟合较好,阈值模型的极值Copula能较好的度量投资组合的集成风险值,在高置信度下（0.99以上）,基于Gumble Copula函数的上尾（正收益）集成风险值、基于Clayton Copula函数的下尾（负收益）集成风险值与真实值最为接近。直接加权的方法会高估投资组合的风险,假设沪深指数的收益率服从二元正态分布会低估风险。峰值法的集成风险值误差较大。