多车场集送一体化车辆调度问题及其遗传算法研究

针对物流配送中的多车场一体化车辆调度问题提出了智能处理方法,采用了基于自然数的一体化配送对路径表示方式,用里程约束来控制车场的插入,以增加惩罚的方式加入时间窗约束。并且根据具体约束情况设计了改进的遗传算法,采用了动态染色体、改进的交叉和变异法、内部扰动和外部扰动等技术,提高了遗传算法的优化效率和优化效果。介绍了此算法的原理,给出了具有一个代表性算例试验结果和结果分析。试验结果表明了此方法对优化有里程和时间窗约束的多车场一体化车辆调度问题的有效性。     

Interdependency among addictive behaviours and time/risk preferences: Discrete choice model analysis of smoking, drinking, and gambling

This paper simultaneously measures the rate of time preference and the coefficient of risk aversion, as well as investigates the interdependencies of four addictive behaviours: smoking, drinking, pachinko (a popular Japanese form of pinball gambling), and horse betting among a sample of the Japanese population. We reach two main conclusions. First, there are significant interdependencies among the four addictive behaviours, in particular between smoking and drinking and between gambling on pachinko and the horses. Second, we conclude that the higher the time preference rate and the lower the risk aversion coefficient becomes, the more likely individuals smoke, drink frequently, and gamble on pachinko and the horses.     

Trade-off between quoted lead time and price

In a make-to-order environment, lead time and price can play a crucial role in determining the financial success of a firm. Their importance increases when demand is sensitive to the quoted lead time and price. A model is presented which uses the quoted lead time and price as a mechanism to determine the optimal demand level. The relationships between the model parameters and their impacts on the firm's profit is also analysed. In addition, the effect of the number of job requests, and the mean processing time are examined. Based on the results presented in this paper, there is clear indication that the firm's profit is sensitive to the inventory holding rate, and that the inventory holding cost component is redundant in the presence of a tardiness cost component.     

A Comparison of Ambient Casino Sound and Music: Effects on Dissociation and on Perceptions of Elapsed Time While Playing Slot Machines

This research examined the effects of a casino’s auditory character on estimates of elapsed time while gambling. More specifically, this study varied whether the sound heard while gambling was ambient casino sound alone or ambient casino sound accompanied by music. The tempo and volume of both the music and ambient sound were varied to manipulate temporal engagement and introspection. One hundred and sixty (males = 91) individuals played slot machines in groups of 5–8, after which they provided estimates of elapsed time. The findings showed that the typical ambient casino auditive environment, which characterizes the majority of gaming venues, promotes understated estimates of elapsed duration of play. In contrast, when music is introduced into the ambient casino environment, it appears to provide a cue of interval from which players can more accurately reconstruct elapsed duration of play. This is particularly the case when the tempo of the music is slow and the volume is high. Moreover, the confidence with which time estimates are held (as reflected by latency of response) is higher in an auditive environment with music than in an environment that is comprised of ambient casino sounds alone. Implications for casino management are discussed.     

Veblen in Reverse: Evidence from the Multinational Time-Use Archive

This paper explores the historical change in the work-leisure balance using time-diary evidence. Much of the recent discussion of this balance in the developed world has focused on paid work alone. What follows takes a different approach, considering the balance of all work time (paid plus unpaid) against leisure time and observes a tendency over recent decades for leisure to decline relative to work in this broad sense. Much is changing, in employment, family and consumption terms over this period. One possibility is that the relative increase in work time reflects the reversal of the status/leisure gradient: the financially privileged classes, which once had more leisure than others, now have less. But the paper closes with the speculation that this increase in work time for both men and women may be indirectly connected with the phenomenon of the women’s “dual burden”, via an unconsidered but nevertheless important principle of fairness in the distribution of work within households.     

Taking into account the rescheduling problem during the scheduling phase

The scheduling problem in production management has been studied for a considerable time, and several types of software are used. A problem arises in updating the production planning, or ‘rescheduling’, when an unexpected event occurs in the shop control. Solving this problem is difficult because the implications of such events are usually impossible to forecast. To prevent this problem, we propose to manipulate a set of equivalent schedules during the short time schedule. Then, if an unexpected event prevents realization of a given schedule, it will be possible to find an equivalent one, without full rescheduling. The primary requirement is to find a formal representation of a set of schedules. This has already been explored using CPM graphs with nodes associated to a set of tasks. We propose in this paper to use an extension of such graphs, PQR trees, that represent both precedence and group constraints. We first reiterate the notion of PQR trees. We present methods to take into account date constraints in such a structure, and we give a model for the general job-shop problem.     

News

U. S. National Income Series Revised—Congress Votes No on Censuses of Business and Manufactures—Britain Revises Living Cost Index-U. S. and U. K. Surveys Uncover Lacks in Statistical Training-Forthcoming Statistical Conferences     

Robust estimation of AR coefficients under simultaneously influencing outliers and missing values

A family of robust estimators for coefficients of Gaussian AR(p) time series under simultaneously influencing distortions of two types: outliers and missing values, is proposed. The estimators are based on special properties of the Cauchy probability distribution; consistency and the asymptotic normality of these estimators are proven. An approximate solution of the problem of minimization of the asymptotic variance within the proposed family of estimators is found. Performance of the proposed estimators is illustrated for simulated time series and for real data sets.     

Modern Myths

This article outlines some basic characteristics of modern myths that fundamentally differ from the traditional myths on which most myth research is based, namely: their relation to time, and their relation to themselves. The article also takes a closer look at the implications these differences have for our present state of Being. The aim is not to offer yet another variation on the academic discussion of myths, but rather to provide a starting point for further discussion about the peculiarities and impacts pertaining to modern myths.