Simple and Conditional Discrimination and Specific Reinforcement in Teaching Reading: An Intervention Package

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - This study evaluated an intervention package combining simple and conditional discrimination training and specific reinforcement for each stimulus class in...     

梅河高速公路某滑坡的滑动分析及加固措施

梅河高速K111+286～+433右侧滑坡经过两次加固后,仍出现了较大的变形.根据此滑坡的工程地质条件、滑坡病害迹象以及监测资料,通过锚索拉力确定的滑坡安全系数,具体分析了滑坡的滑动机理,并提出了补强加固措施的方案.     

Work Productivity as a Function of the Percentage of Monetary Incentives to Base Pay

In many individual monetary incentive systems workers receive an hourly base pay and can earn incentives when productivity exceeds a specified standard. The total amount that can be earned in incentives is often expressed as a percentage of base pay. This study examined the effects of different percentages of incentive pay to base pay on work productivity. Seventy-five college students were randomly assigned to one of five incentivebase pay conditions: 0% (no incentives), l0%, 30%. 60% or 100%. Subjects participated in 15 forty-five minute sessions during which they assem: bled parts made from bolts, nuts and washers. Subjects received a base pay amount for assembling a minimum of 50 quality parts per session and a per piece incentive for parts over 50. If subjects assernbled 120 quality parts, the production maximum, the total amount they could earn in incentives equaled 0%, l0%, 30%, 60% or 100% of their base pay. Results indicated that the productivity of subjects in the l0%, 30%, 60% and 100% groups was significantly greater than that of subjects in the 0% incentive group; however, the productivity of subjects in the l0%, 30%, 60% and 100% incentive groups did not differ.     

D-1-Partially efficiency-balance designs with at most two efficiency classes

A wide class of block designs admitting a simple analysis has been considered. The statistical properties of such designs have been indicated and the problems relating to their characterization and construction have been investigated.     

On Reinventing OBM

Abstract

This article comments on an argument in favor of a change in OBM's content and focus to include certain empirical findings and theoretical constructs derived from fields like Cognitive and Social Psychology. Specifically, the argument suggests that personal beliefs such as optimism, self-efficacy, and response-efficacy are influential determinants of behavior that give rise to achievement motivation and a success-seeking typology. By incorporating such constructs into OBM, it is suggested that the field will better align itself with related disciplines sharing the goal of promoting personal success, thereby enhancing its performance-improvement toolkit and fostering greater recognition and acceptance for itself within mainstream Psychology. After summarizing key aspects of this argument, this paper identifies certain of its associated challenges and then presents some specific strategies by which the OBM community can chart a future course for the field.     

Erratum to: Token Reinforcement of Verbal Responses Controlled by Temporally Removed Verbal Stimuli

In the present study we examined the effects of token reinforcement on the convergent control of immediate and temporally removed verbal stimuli over the verbal behavior of three school-age children with autism who showed specific deficits in intraverbal responding. Throughout the study, participants were systematically introduced to a series of visitors to a university-based autism center, and subsequently probed for information about the visitor they had most recently met. Results show that contingent token reinforcement was effective at establishing control by temporally removed verbal stimuli.     

Q学习角色值法在机器人足球比赛中的应用

提出了基于Q学习的角色值方法,避免了在比赛中由于机器人之间的频繁角色转换而造成的系统效率损失及系统不稳定。该方法完善了多智能体系统的整体调整方法,有效地解决了在实际系统设计和实现过程中遇到的问题。经FIRA仿真比赛检验,该方法是有效的,降低了机器人丢球、漏球、不作为的可能性,弥补了按区域分配固定角色的不足,有较好的实用性。     

Experience-weighted Attraction Learning in Normal Form Games

In ‘experience-weighted attraction’ (EWA) learning, strategies have attractions that reflect initial predispositions, are updated based on payoff experience, and determine choice probabilities according to some rule (e.g., logit). A key feature is a parameter δ that weights the strength of hypothetical reinforcement of strategies that were not chosen according to the payoff they would have yielded, relative to reinforcement of chosen strategies according to received payoffs. The other key features are two discount rates, φ and ρ, which separately discount previous attractions, and an experience weight. EWA includes reinforcement learning and weighted fictitious play (belief learning) as special cases, and hybridizes their key elements. When δ= 0 and ρ= 0, cumulative choice reinforcement results. When δ= 1 and ρ=φ, levels of reinforcement of strategies are exactly the same as expected payoffs given weighted fictitious play beliefs. Using three sets of experimental data, parameter estimates of the model were calibrated on part of the data and used to predict a holdout sample. Estimates of δ are generally around .50, φ around .8 − 1, and ρ varies from 0 to φ. Reinforcement and belief-learning special cases are generally rejected in favor of EWA, though belief models do better in some constant-sum games. EWA is able to combine the best features of previous approaches, allowing attractions to begin and grow flexibly as choice reinforcement does, but reinforcing unchosen strategies substantially as belief-based models implicitly do.     

论起承转合

起承转合不仅是文体的章法结构,更是一种思维方式。起承转合对应的是一切事物发生、发展、转折、收结并循环往复的客观规律,其文化渊源是中国古代人们的天道观、宇宙观中对圆境的高度崇尚,而直接的启示则是人们无时不感受到的周而复始的节气递变和四季转换。起承转合作为篇章结构的审美特征是圆满、圆融和圆活,同样可以是一种师法自然、至法无法的理想境界。应当重新认识起承转合的命题或范畴所包含的意蕴及其意义。     

地铁施工横通道转区间正线处下穿既有建筑沉降控制研究

以某城市地铁施工横通道转区间隧道正线马头门处下穿既有建筑物情况为例,从群洞施工工序对建筑物沉降影响的角度考虑,采用有限差分数值软件FLAC3D对不同开洞施工工况进行三维数值模拟,分析围岩变形情况,得出在横通道向区间马头门开洞施工时,必须单个逐一开洞施工至房屋基础外15 m以上,并在开洞马头门处增加有效加固措施,以保证既有建筑在地铁施工过程中的安全。