A Comparison of the Effects of Incentive and Penalty Procedures on Work Performance: A Simulation

This study compared the effects of incentive and penalty on work performance. In Experiment 1, participants in the incentive group could earn 50 won (approximately 5 cents) for correctly completing each task and those in the penalty group could lose 50 won for incorrectly completing each task. The incentive and penalty did not exert differential impacts on work performance. In Experiment 2, participants were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups: incentive, penalty, and no reward groups under two different consequence delivery schedules. Under the continuous condition, the payment was determined in the same way as in Experiment 1. Under the VR 5 condition, 250 won was either added or deducted based on a VR 5 schedule. The effects of the incentive and penalty were comparable under the continuous condition. However, the incentive was more effective than the penalty under the VR 5 condition.     

按挠度优化混凝土板配筋的应用

混凝土板的挠度各部位不同，钢筋应变也必然不同，板各部位配筋的数量应当参照其所处部位的挠度。板边挠度最小，与边相邻且平行的第一根钢筋作用微小，应按构造配置。通过虚拟计算、数据分析推测出：混凝土板“等距点”（板中距三边距离相等的点称为“等距点”）的荷载使相应三边产生的支座反力基本相同；板底各部位主筋配筋率的大小应遵循抛物线方程。按此方案施工，板底主筋将节约19.6 %。     

Effective Leadership in Superior-Subordinate Dyads

Abstract

This paper describes and experimentally demonstrates the main tenets of an operant theory of leadership. Leadership is characterized in the current paper as involving problem solving operant behavior (Cerutti, 1989; Skinner, 1969) in a social context (Skinner, 1953). The theory was assessed under two experimental analogs modeled from generic formal organizational bureaucratic leader-follower role relations. Under a minimal leadership contingency (MLC) leaders and followers in N = 4 dyads interacted via button pressing and trigger pulling responses, respectively, and they received feedback on counters located on response panels in their separate rooms. Under the MLC every leader button press added a point worth money to one of the follower's counters but the leader received no points worth money based on follower responses. A leadership contingency (LC) was identical to the MLC except that for every 19th follower trigger pull the leader received a point worth money. As anticipated, high rates of leader-follower interaction evolved in all dyads under the LC and appreciably lower rates occurred under the MLC as leader button pressing extinguished under the MLC with repeated exposures to the two contingencies presented in ABABAB fashion. Results were discussed in terms of the theory and data as they may be related to assessment and maintenance of leader-follower interactions and performance in OBM lab and field experiments.     

Beyond Positive Reinforcement

Abstract

This article comments on the need to recognize that OBM already is a “positive psychology” for many more reasons than just that it embraces positive reinforce as a cornerstone of workplace improvement. This paper suggests there are at least 10 ways in which OBM constitutes a distinctly “positive” and humanizing approach to management practices. These ways are enumerated and briefly reviewed.     

超长大体积钢筋混凝土结构无缝施工技术

通过分析超长大体积钢筋混凝土结构裂缝产生原因，并结合首都机场滑行道桥底板施工。介绍无缝设计、膨胀加强带的设置、ZY补偿收缩混凝土配合比、ZY补偿收缩混凝土施工、底板混凝土的成形工艺及施工效果，为同类施工提供借鉴。     

青藏铁路加筋土挡土墙路基施工技术

针对青藏铁路所处的特殊地质环境条件和建设中提出的保证高路堤的稳定性与保护高原生态环境的要求，从加筋土挡土墙路基的工作机理出发，简要地阐明了采用加筋土挡土墙路基是解决这一难题的最佳方案和有效措施，并在总结其现场施工经验的基础上，详细地介绍了加筋土挡土墙路基的施工工艺、质量控制要点及检验方法。     

Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing to Increase Vocalizations in Children with Language Delays: a Review

Stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) is a procedure used to increase vocalizations in children with significant language delays. However, results from studies that have examined the effectiveness of SSP have been discrepant. The following review of the literature summarizes the results from 13 experiments published between 1996 and 2014 that used this procedure with children with language delays. Studies were analyzed across various participant and procedural variables, and an effect size estimate (nonoverlap of all pairs) was calculated for a portion of the participants in the studies reviewed. Results indicated an overall moderate intervention effect for SSP of speech sounds. Recommendations are provided for future researchers about information to report and potential avenues for future studies.     

某公路桥梁梁板结构的加固与静载试验

文章结合对大跨度桥梁的梁板结构加固处理前后的静载试验,探讨了大跨度梁板结构应用粘贴碳纤维加固技术处理的可靠性.静载试验的内容是测定加固前后梁板结构的混凝土应力和挠度.静载试验结果表明,应用粘贴碳纤维加固技术可提高桥梁的强度和使用寿命,降低其应力和挠度.     

桥梁桩基础设计计算程序

根据桩基础的m法计算公式以及桥梁规范中的极限状态理论,采用模块化结构,编制了桥梁桩基础的内力计算和配筋计算的设计程序,该程序在IBM—PC微机上实现,通过算例比较,验证了本程序的正确性,它可供生产单位使用。     

The Effects of a Delay of Noncontingent Reinforcement during a Pairing Procedure in the Development of Stimulus Control of Automatically Reinforced Vocalizations

Children with autism and related disabilities frequently fail to develop echoic repertoires. Among the ways in which treatment approaches vary is the extent to which automatic reinforcement is utilized. The present experiment was designed to test the efficacy of a procedure that incorporates automatic reinforcement and socially mediated reinforcement in the development of an echoic repertoire. The implementation of this treatment package resulted in an increase in the vocal play and echoic behavior for two participants, each of whom had very limited verbal repertoires. The study was conducted as a multiple probe across sounds design. Vocal play for Participant 1 increased from baseline rates as low as .2 per min to 4.5 per min during treatment, and her percent correct echoic behavior increased from 0% to at least 90% on both sounds. Participant 2 showed rapid gains in echoic control on one sound before requiring dismissal from the study. Interobserver agreement on the occurrence of target vocals equaled 100%. The results of this study have implications for which procedures to use in the establishment of echoic, echoic mand, and mand repertoires.