农村居民点空间节地问题探讨——以北京市通州区为例

农村建设用地利用效率低下,基础设施建设落后,制约了农村居民生活水平提高和城镇化进程;通过农村土地整治可以改善农地耕作条件和农村居民居住环境。文章运用景观生态学理论和GIS空间分析技术进行研究,分析北京市通州区各乡（镇）空间节地现状,得到济县镇、永乐店镇和台湖镇三个典型乡（镇）各村庄建设节地初步方案。得出结论：由节地模式判定矩阵可以确定,濒临城镇周边的村庄比较适合城镇化发展型模式;其他村庄适合重点建设中心村的内部挖潜型模式;生态涵养区的村庄适合适度建设农家乐模式的生态挖潜型模式。     

弹性生态观视域下海洋渔业生态补偿政策设计

由于过度捕捞和环境污染,海洋渔业发展面临着资源衰竭、环境受损、生态失衡等一系列问题,海洋渔业生态系统承受着前所未有的压力,如若继续恶化,后果不言而喻。然而,现行的渔业生态保护与管理方式不是可持续发展的,甚至是背道而驰的。海洋渔业可持续发展需要创新的思维。弹性思维提供了理解周围世界和管理自然资源的一种不同方式,提倡用弹性的观念去看待事物的变化,是一种旨在增加系统可持续性的资源管理新方法。弹性思维及其所蕴含的弹性生态观既可以成为海洋渔业可持续发展的有效途径,又可以为海洋渔业生态补偿提供理论支持。     

民国时期城市女性自由离婚的现实困境--以《大公报》为中心的考察

民国时期,在婚姻家庭变革思潮的影响下,一些不甘于承受不幸婚姻的城市女性开始逐渐冲破传统的“从一而终”的思想束缚,当婚姻无法维系时,尝试选择以离婚的方式还自己自由之身。但在民国当时的社会条件下,城市女性自由离婚之路却充满了荆棘和坎坷。女性自由离婚的实现还需要其自身和社会做长期的努力。     

从“撮泰吉”析彝族文化生态重建

"撮泰吉"是仅存于贵州省威宁县板底乡的一种彝族古戏。它是一种戏剧化的仪式,是板底自然生态环境孕育出的特有文化。它不仅发出了对生命起源的追问,还体现了板底彝民社会的秩序;它既是有形的仪式展演,也是无形的观念形态;它借助于传统的节日活动得以传承,并真实地展示着社会变迁。"撮泰吉"作为民族文化资源,其价值生成就具有"生态性"的特点,它所展示的文化特征正是我们今天去关注的——如何在多元文化背景下重建民族的文化生态系统。     

"南京珠玑巷"新说--兼谈民俗的传承与变异

明清以降来青早期移民的祖籍问题,民间和学术界一般都认为是在今天江苏省南京市、笔者以今天南京珠玑巷不可考为起点,经过对民间传说和历史资料的辨析查考,提出两种推论认为;所谓南京珠玑巷一是可能在今天浙江诸暨市（为同音之转）,二是可能在今天河南省开封市（该地曾是旧县祥符）。由于自然和人文环境的变异、官方和民间话语修正的双重作用而使其发生了改变,并最终使这一文化符号在误读的情况下,被赋予了新的文化内涵。     

社会工作视野下的城市少数民族流动人口问题

城市少数民族流动人口问题正逐渐成为社会关注的一大热点,文章主要对城市少数民族流动人口的现状、特点,对城市发挥的积极功能和城市少数民族流动人口问题的具体表现作一概述,并从社会工作这一新的视角分析了城市少数民族流动人口问题的成因,在此基础上就社会工作如何介入此问题提出一些建议.     

Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States

Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study, a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions. Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and urban thermal conditions.

Bridging the divide in urban sustainability: from human exemptionalism to the new ecological paradigm

This paper reviews the main bodies of contemporary urban sustainability theory. From this analysis, two underpinning paradigms of urban sustainability are identified: (1) The ‘Human Exemptionalism Paradigm’ (HEP), which emphasizes the ability of humans to overcome environmental problems—see Urban Sociology, Urban Ecology, Urban Geography, Urban Psychology and Political Economy; and (2) The ‘New Ecological Paradigm’ (NEP), which emphasizes the criticality of ecological limits to human progress—see Urban Metabolism, Energy/Emergy Analysis and Ecological Footprinting. Each of these approaches is critically reviewed, highlighting their main assumptions, theoretical and practical foci. It is argued in the paper that if the related issues of urban sustainability and development are to be progressed, there needs to be: (1) a greater maturation of the NEP approaches, which are ‘relative newcomers’ to the area of urban theory; and (2) greater integration and dialogue between the HEP and NEP approaches to urban sustainability than has hitherto been the case.

道家和谐生态思想的结构性分析

自然和谐是道家生态思想的核心,围绕着自然和谐,道家生态思想主要呈现出三层面结构,即法天贵真的自然特殊态社会层、天而不人的自然中心态天人层和兼怀万物的完全态自然层。说明人类社会的本质是自然的,自然是世界的中心,万事万物包括人类社会的最高生态理想是完全态的自然境界。人类的天职是爱护自然、保护环境、维护生态、追求自然的生态和谐。     

Contribution analysis to analyze the effects of the health impact assessment at the local level: A case of urban revitalization

The health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool used to estimate the potential impact on health of non-health-related proposals prior to implementation. While it is increasingly used in Quebec, Canada, studies have not analyzed its medium-term impacts and potential long-term impacts. We conducted a contribution analysis using in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, as well as documents, observation and images related to HIA in order to analyze its impacts on the revitalization of road infrastructure, parks and green spaces, and residential housing. Our analysis not only reflects on the decision-making process through the adoption and implementation of HIA recommendations, but also on the link between actions implemented in the field and health outcomes.