医学社会学视野下的高校教师疾病处理行为研究

高校教师作为“学院派知识分子”和“单位人”的角色结合,其疾病处理行为具有就医与自我治疗相结合的特点．并出现收缩正式就医行为、扩张经验性自我治疗行为的变化趋势。高校教师疾病处理行为主要有被动就医、病情引导、自我保健三种模式,行为模式的选择与其所处的社会环境、扮演的社会角色、获得的社会支持之间具有密切的联系。个人经济收入水平、对自身健康状况的认知、高校体制的内在压力以及社会医疗保障的外在支持是影响高校教师疾病处理行为的主要因素。     

我国近几年生态移民理论与实践研究概述

随着我国生态移民实践的划时代发展,有关生态移民理论的研究也取得了空前的进展,尤其在生态移民模式以及相关政策、生态移民权益保护、生态移民的适应性等方面的研究,取得了一系列新的成果。但也不可否认,目前对生态移民问题的研究还存在着诸多有待完善和深化的方面。     

汇率传递效应与厂商决策行为——基于人民币升值背景下出口产品定价的理论分析

现有的关于汇率传递效应的分析和研究,主要集中在汇率波动对出口价格的影响、进出口价格的贸易条件,以及与此相关的反映汇率传递程度的产品替代性、地域性特征和市场组织等方面,而没有对引发汇率传递效应的厂商决策行为予以关注。其实,汇率传递效应是特定汇率制度下厂商决策行为的结果。人民币升值背景下的出口产品定价,可以在理论上看成是受汇率波动驱动而关联于物价水平、产品结构、技术梯度、国际收支平衡等的函数;厂商是出口产品定价者的事实,会涉及对上述函数中各因素的认知,而这种认知会形成厂商的选择偏好和效用期望,从而决定厂商的决策行为。作为对人民币升值背景下出口产品定价的一种理论探讨,可以围绕汇率波动来刻画厂商在出口产品定价中的选择偏好和效用期望,以说明汇率传递效应与厂商决策行为之间的联系。     

高职院校学生绿色消费行为研究

通过对深圳职业技术学院学生的实证调查,发现高职院校大学生对绿色消费具有较高的认知度和很强的正面态度,但在绿色消费的水平上相对偏低,尤其在重复使用、分类回收以及环保选购方面。多元回归分析结果显示,绿色消费态度、是否具有中共党员身份对大学生绿色行为有着显著的影响。外部障碍因素如不便利、外部环境缺乏、生活习惯等会影响具有正面态度的高职院校大学生进行绿色消费。     

环境互动论——一种基于人行为的路径选择

人的发展和成熟,从来都是在内部环境与外部环境的互动中完成的。人自身的内部心理环境构成了人适应自然环境和社会环境的基础,而人适应环境的过程即是基于外部环境变迁造成的被动选择。从欧洲主权债务危机后欧洲民众的表现,到世界范围内新兴经济体面临的"通胀压力",其实质上已经超越了单边环境互动的过程。正是基于这样一种路径选择,危机中人的行为适应性,以及危机后人的行为选择性,成为环境变迁中必须持续关注的问题。     

What do social entrepreneurs need to walk their talk? Understanding the attitude–behavior gap in social impact assessment practice

The topic of social impact assessment (SIA) is growing in importance, and this is especially true for social enterprises. The mission of solving social problems is the main feature of these organizations; thus, the need to assess the extent to which this mission is fulfilled becomes essential. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model that could explain the attitude–behavior gap in SIA practice through the development of a coherence/displacement matrix, to gauge if social entrepreneurs are coherent in “walking their talks.” The study is based on a mixed‐methods approach focused on the Italian context. An empirical quantitative analysis has been performed to identify the misalignment between attitude and behavior. The gaps that emerged are then analyzed through in‐depth interviews with social entrepreneurs, to provide a pilot case study that could test the model and gain further insights into how those gaps could be filled.     

论契约文化在管理中的凸现

契约文化的管理功能是通过管理活动中的文化融合、价值观渗透和引导管理者理性抉择来实现的。即契约文化与管理的融合,成为跨文化价值观的“交集”;企业文化是个人价值观与组织哲学观的价值定位,契约文化则是实现其价值观定位的支撑;契约文化价值定位所形成的“组织惯例”引导管理行为理性选择。     

Implications of no recent sexual activity,casual sex,or exclusive sex for college women's sexual well-being depend on sexual attitudes

Objective: We examine how sexual activity relates to sexual well-being within the context of sexual attitudes, sexual agency, and sexual desire. Participants/Methods: We surveyed 471 college women in 2012–2014 who had ever had sex. Results: Sexual agency and sexual desire consistently predicted well-being, regardless of recent sexual activity. There was a significant interaction between recent sexual activity (none, casual, or exclusive relationship) and sexual attitudes. Exclusive sex was associated with higher than average sexual well-being, especially for women with permissive attitudes. Women who had casual sex and held permissive to average attitudes had the next highest levels of well-being, but those with non-permissive attitudes fell substantially below the overall mean. Women who had no recent sex were consistently below the mean, especially for women with more permissive attitudes. Conclusions: A disconnect between sexual attitudes and recent sexual activity may lower women's sexual well-being.     

Self-compassion and suicidal behavior in college students: Serial indirect effects via depression and wellness behaviors

Objective: College students may be at heightened risk for suicide and suicidal behavior due to maladaptive cognitive-emotional factors and failure to practice basic health behaviors. However, self-compassion and wellness behaviors may protect against risk. The relation between self-compassion and suicidal behavior and the contributing roles of depressive symptoms and wellness behaviors was examined. Participants: Participants were 365 undergraduate students. Data were collected in April 2015. Methods: A cross-sectional, survey design was employed. Participants completed measures assessing self-compassion, depressive symptoms, wellness behaviors, and suicidal behavior. Serial mediation analyses were conducted covarying age, sex, and ethnicity. Results: Self-compassion was inversely related to suicidal behavior, and this relationship was serially mediated by depressive symptoms and wellness behaviors. Conclusions: Self-compassion may protect against suicidal behavior, in part, due to reduced depressive symptoms and heightened engagement in wellness behaviors. Individual and campus-wide strategies promoting self-compassion and wellness behaviors may reduce suicide risk on college campuses.     

The Diagnostic Utility of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory for Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review

Children with alleged child sexual abuse (CSA) need to be assessed systematically. The use of validated instruments during the assessment, like the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), could add diagnostic value. We aim to assess the diagnostic utility of the CSBI to differentiate between sexually abused and non-abused children. We conducted a systematic review. We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE and PsychInfo for studies comparing CSBI scores in sexually abused children and non-abused children (2–12 years old). Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the methodological quality. We included 7 (out of 1048) articles. The CSBI total scores were significantly higher in CSA-victims compared with non-abused children (in case–control settings). However, in children with suspected CSA, the results were ambiguous. One study reported significant differences. Another study reported weak diagnostic ability for the CSBI-3 in children with suspected CSA (a sensitivity and specificity of 0.50, with a positive predictive value of 0.28, and a negative predictive value of 0.72). Research on the diagnostic utility of the CSBI for suspected CSA is limited and shows disappointing results. Until more research is done, the CSBI should not be used on its own to differentiate between sexually abused and non-abused children.