行动研究：一种促进校本教师培训的有效途径

校本教师培训是针对以大学或教育机构组织的教师培训活动严重脱离实际、效果不佳而出现的一种新的培训模式,它能够解决教育理论与实践"两张皮"的问题;而行动研究是一种将行动与研究结合起来的研究活动,它最根本的目的是为了解决实践中的问题,改善实践的质量.因此,以"行动研究"作为校本教师培训的基本途径,能够有效地保证培训的效果,提高培训的质量,也能够有效地促进教师的专业发展.     

A review of the challenges of achieving the goals in the African Plan of Action for people with disabilities in Nigeria

The Plan of Action (POA) document was produced at the Pan-African Conference on African Decade of Persons with Disabilities attended by representatives of all African countries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (4–7 February 2002). The POA is aimed at implementing priority activities to enhance the services provided to Africans with disabilities during the decade by formulating and implementing meaningful policies and programmes, creating national disability service coordination committees, supporting community-based service delivery, developing poverty alleviation programmes, enhancing preventive programmes, and promoting positive attitudes and awareness of the needs of people with disabilities. While the goals of the POA are noble, evidence raises concerns about the actions so far taken by the Nigerian Government to ensure the implementation of the programme for the benefit of citizens with disabilities. Obstacles to implementing the provisions of the POA document and the implications for strategies that could facilitate the achievement of the goals of the POA are discussed.     

Predictive Modeling and Categorizing Likelihoods of Quarantine Pest Introduction of Imported Propagative Commodities from Different Countries

The present study investigates U.S. Department of Agriculture inspection records in the Agricultural Quarantine Activity System database to estimate the probability of quarantine pests on propagative plant materials imported from various countries of origin and to develop a methodology ranking the risk of country–commodity combinations based on quarantine pest interceptions. Data collected from October 2014 to January 2016 were used for developing predictive models and validation study. A generalized linear model with Bayesian inference and a generalized linear mixed effects model were used to compare the interception rates of quarantine pests on different country–commodity combinations. Prediction ability of generalized linear mixed effects models was greater than that of generalized linear models. The estimated pest interception probability and confidence interval for each country–commodity combination was categorized into one of four compliance levels: “High,” “Medium,” “Low,” and “Poor/Unacceptable,” Using K‐means clustering analysis. This study presents risk‐based categorization for each country–commodity combination based on the probability of quarantine pest interceptions and the uncertainty in that assessment.     

Americans’ Views of Voluntary Protective Actions Against Zika Infection: Conceptual and Measurement Issues

Understanding factors affecting decisions by people to protect themselves, or not, is critical to designing supportive communications. Here, threat, protective‐action, and stakeholder perceptions were evaluated for effects on mainland Americans’ behavioral intentions regarding Zika in April 2017, as postulated by the Protective Action Decision Model. Although all three perception types (including a novel resource sufficiency measure) affected intentions, these relationships varied widely depending upon the method used to measure adoption of actions (e.g., total count of all behaviors adopted vs. behavior‐specific analyses), the behaviors involved, and whether analysis focused on the full sample or only on people who had a reasonable opportunity to enact the behavior or who believed it relevant to their lives. There was a general contrast between mosquito control actions (removal of mosquito breeding areas and pesticide spraying) and travel‐related behaviors (avoiding travel to areas of local transmission of the virus, protecting oneself from mosquito bites after potential exposure, and practicing safe sex after potential exposure). Reported action or inaction during the 2016 mosquito season, and stages of behavior change, were both elicited in January–February 2017; both drove intentions in April 2017 for the upcoming season, although direct and indirect effects varied widely. Collectively these findings present theoretical, measurement, and practical implications for understanding, tracking, and promoting voluntary protective actions against hazards.     

企业竞争行为的回应预测研究

竞争回应的预测是竞争互动领域的一个核心论题。由于传统的竞争互动理论主要是以市场行为为核心的研究,而在相当大的程度上忽视了非市场行为的重要性与价值。本文以中国家电行业为研究对象,采用结构化内容分析法,试图从市场与非市场的角度全面探讨竞争回应的预测问题,以期为中国企业的管理者们在制定与实施战略,以及预测竞争对手策略与行为选择时提供一些重要的实践启示。     

读《为什么餐厅里的黑人孩子都坐在一起》——兼论该书对构建中国和谐族群关系的启示

本文对塔特姆(Beverly Danjel Tatum)教授<为什么餐厅里的黑人孩子都坐在一起>一书进行了简要介绍.塔特姆指出,种族歧视是一种体系优势.通过对白人背景下黑人、白人以及其他有色人种特质的精辟分析,她深刻地揭示了美国种族关系的实质,并提出了"促进跨种族对话"来打破沉默的建议.塔特姆的理论观点对于中国的族群关系建设有重要启示.在新的时代背景下,中国不仅要在中华民族背景下了解少数民族,也要在中华民族背景下了解汉族.     

德、日刑法理论中原因自由行为若干问题研究

原因自由行为在德、日刑法理论中是一个争议较大的问题,学者至今未能就其可罚性依据作出令人信服的解释,仍无法解决其和责任能力与实行行为同时存在原则的矛盾;并且,在原因自由行为的适用范围以及立法模式等一系列问题上都还没有哪种观点能够成为压倒性的通说.     

Exploring Moderating Effects of Violent Conflict on Household Welfare in a Resource-Constrained Environment: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT

This study examines correlates of household welfare in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, using data from the 2004 wave of the Afrobarometer survey. We also assess the role violent conflict might play in influencing this relationship. This subject has become especially relevant today in sub-Saharan Africa, given the growing disfranchisement of vulnerable individuals and households and increased incidents of violent conflict. Insight into the relationship between violent conflict and household welfare may be an important step in understanding why many sub-Saharan African countries have difficulties in stimulating economic growth and welfare. The study sample includes 3,525 respondents. Study findings provide partial support for the hypothesized relationship. Specifically, poverty reduction initiatives and informal assistance are associated with reduced hardship, while violent conflict is related to an increase in hardship. We also note that certain individual and household characteristics are linked to hardship. Practice and policy implications are suggested.     

Learning about fishery management: Evaluation of a contextualized responsive evaluation approach

This article discusses the extent to which a responsive evaluation (RE) approach contributed to learning by stakeholders in a case of high complexity. Fishery management in Grand-Popo, Benin is characterized by ambiguity, that is contrasting views among fishery stakeholders about what should be done, why, how, where, and when to resolve fishery problems like the depletion of fish-stock and absence of income alternatives. It was also characterized by great gaps (mismatches) between interventionists’ plans and actions, despite generations of interventions and evaluations of their effectiveness. The RE approach aimed at facilitating interactions between interventionists and fishing people to stimulate learning and hence reduce the ambiguity and mismatches. In this article, we take distance and evaluate the results of this action research approach. We found that in the interaction some learning indeed occurred. The fishing people learned among others that intervention resources are limited and that they should organize themselves to lobby for and monitor interventions to solve their problems. Interventionists learned that they could share knowledge about their roles and limited resources with fishing people so that the latter could lobby for more resources. Fishing people however, did not learn to adopt more sustainable fishing practices. Also, interventionists did not learn to influence politicians and financial partners themselves for sufficient resources. Both categories of stakeholders developed ideas for how to collaborate to improve fishery management. We conclude that although some single-loop, double-loop and social learning occurred, the learning was limited and reflect on the related challenges for RE in natural resource management.     

外语合作学习的行动研究

行动研究是指教师时自己课堂中的教学现象进行反思，探讨并改进教学以提高质量的一种探索性研究。通过为期16周的合作学习的行动研究记录，从中进行论证，表明在外语教学中，合作学习模式有利于外语学习的情感因素，对深化语言知识，提高学生的语言能力和交际能力有着积极意义。