PLANT‐LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION: THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT VIEWS AND PLANT CHARACTERISTICS

As customers, the public and other stakeholders are increasingly demanding that manufacturing firms improve their approach to environmental management, some plants have moved to develop an orientation that is increasingly proactive. Synthesizing earlier research, environmental management orientation is defined here to include system analysis and planning, organizational responsibility, and management controls. The relationship between a proactive orientation and two sets of internal factors, specifically the personal views of plant managers and plant‐specific characteristics, was tested using survey data from the furniture industry. The production outlook for the plant was critical, with a favorable outlook fostering a more proactive environmental management orientation. After controlling for plant‐specific factors, personal views also were influential; an increasing emphasis on short‐term economic value was related to a more reactive plant‐level orientation. Thus senior corporate management can foster strong plant‐level environmental management through a more balanced emphasis on economic and ethical values and continued investment in a plant's long‐term viability.     

AN OVERVIEW OF TRADEOFF CURVES IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGN

In this paper we review the use of tradeoff curves in the design of manufacturing systems that can be modeled as open queueing networks. We focus particularly on the tradeoff between expected work-in-process (or product leadtime) and capacity investment in job shops. We review the algorithms in the literature to derive tradeoff curves and illustrate their application in evaluating the efficiency of the system, in deciding how much capacity to have, how to allocate resources between the reduction of uncertainty and the introduction of new technologies, and how to assess the impact of changes in products throughput and product mix. The methodology is illustrated with an example derived from an actual application in the semiconductor industry.     

Indigenous internationalism: native rights and the UN

Abstract

Since 1982, with the creation of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations, the UN has taken steps toward addressing the violations of indigenous human rights around the globe that have characterized the colonization of indigenous peoples by western nations since the 15th century. This article explores the question of whether actions taken by the WGIP and other UN bodies promise to relieve this legacy; or whether the UN, as the proper overseer of international law concerning human rights today, continues that legacy in revised form, as some analysts have claimed. A brief overview of positions taken by key figures in the history of international law concerning indigenous peoples since the early 16th century provides a background against which to compare the work of the UN. My conclusion is that while the UN has in some ways sustained the inherited order of neglect of indigenous rights, it has, more importantly, created openings which make it possible for indigenous peoples to assert their claims. While this is not a story of continuous progress, it does suggest that there is reason to respect the UN's efforts in this relentlessly neglected area of human rights.     

一个政治知识分子的非典型自叙传——王蒙《闷与狂》摭论

《闷与狂》有着跨文体创作的意图,延续着王蒙一惯的超越创新的勇气,比较集中地体现出王蒙60年写作的精神特质,因而是分析其小说艺术的一个典型样本。《闷与狂》是一部务虚式的爱情自传,以中式意识流手法展开生命回忆,却又有着政治抒情痕迹;它是作者"为己的写作",充满密实堆积的典故,且有着中产阶级的立场,但它不是学院派的知识分子写作,而是一种政治知识分子写作;作者以"少布"情怀高唱"青春万岁",以"闷与狂"证明着"不老的心态",展现出一种革命青春型人格,却也存在着语言概念化自动化、叙事无故事少细节、抒情狂飙化高蹈化等缺陷。     

文体的“朦胧”与修辞的狂欢——王蒙《闷与狂》散论

王蒙的新作《闷与狂》采用了"反小说"的写法,由此导致了读者对作品文体认知的困难,呈现出一种文体上的"朦胧"。同时,作品也将王蒙式叙事语言推向了极致,陷入一种修辞上的狂欢。这种带有强烈实验色彩的文本是立足于未来的,其探索精神值得肯定,在当下则可能造成一种接受障碍。     

A MODEL FOR BATCH ADVANCED AVAILABLE‐TO‐PROMISE

The available‐to‐promise (atp) function is becoming increasingly important in supply chain management since it directly links production resources with customer orders. In this paper, a mixed integer programming (mip) ATP model is presented. This model can provide an order‐promising and ‐fulfillment solution for a batch of orders that arrive within a predefined batching interval. A variety of constraints, such as raw material availability, production capacity, material compatibility, and customer preferences, are considered. Simulation experiments using the model investigate the sensitivity of supply chain performance to changes in certain parameters, such as batching interval size and customer order flexibility.     

从宋江与李逵的关系看《水浒》主题思想的表现及其矛盾性

宋江与李逵是<水浒>中的一对最重要人物,他们之间的关系既对立又亲密.宋江与李逵的关系,对深化<水浒>的主题思想具有极为重要的意义;另外,两人之间的对立与冲突又加深了<水浒>主题思想的矛盾性.     

Organizational Hope: Reaffirming the Constructive Task of Social and Organizational Inquiry

This paper develops the construct oforganizational hope as a methodological imperative forstudying and strengthening organizations. It calls onorganizational scholars and practitioners to move beyond the critical impulse by advancing texturedvocabularies of hope that affirm the best and mostpromising dimensions of social and organizational lifeand provide a moral image of the future to guidecollective action. This can be accomplished by defininghopeful research agendas and choosing methods of inquirythat explore and illuminate the hopes and aspirations ofa broad range of organizational members. After clarifying the concept of textured vocabulariesof hope, this paper undertakes a thorough analysis ofhope by tracing the construct throughout the Westernintellectual tradition, highlighting four of hope'senduring qualities, and offering a set of propositionsthat extends the implications of organizational hope toour task as scholars and practitioners.     

The “Three Waves” of Industrial Group Work: Historical Reflections on Current Research on Group Work

This paper deals with the three waves of the discourse on group work in social science and industrial practice that have helped pave the way for the current boom in the introduction of group work in companies. These waves are represented by the human relations approach, the sociotechnical systems approach, and the lean management debate. They are reviewed in two perspectives. The first relates to their concepts of work design and group work, following four questions: (a) What emphasis is put on work factors or on subjective orientations, on the design of working conditions or symbolic strategies? (b) How do the various approaches address the relationship between efficiency and control? (c) Which concepts of participation or democracy are involved? (d) How is the role of the social scientist in the process of industrial modernization conceptualized, explicitly or implicitly? The second perspective from a sociology of science relates to the context of production and utilization of social scientific knowledge. In general, two theses are put forward. The first states that a gap exists between the aspirations and reality of group work because the basic conflict of efficiency and control has been overlooked for ideological reasons. The second postulates that there is no linear progress in the theory and practice of group work. It seems that the socioeconomical context determines reasonably which group concept and ideology dominates certain historical phases of industrial modernization.     

Bringing about the global movement for the rights of nature: sites and practices for intelligibility

Legal scholars, environmental organizations, indigenous groups and activists from around the world are energizing an emergent global movement on the rights of nature. To face the environmental crisis, these heterogeneous actors are coming together to reconceptualize nature as a legal subject. In this article, I examine Democracy Schools and Awakening the Dreamer Symposia (ADS) to establish where and how this emergent movement is being organized. The meaning structures, knowledge stocks and identity cues that characterize it are made intelligible to potential adherents through these seminars and workshops. Interpretive analysis reveals that Democracy Schools and ADSs are distinctively mobile and replicable infrastructures. The concept of ‘stagings' was developed to help examine cultural and spatial dynamics in heterogeneous and extensive collective action.