员工效率工资与企业的管理效率分析

本文在文献回顾基础上分析了效率工资的solow模型和shapiro-stiglitz模型存在的局限性,认为由于工资合约具有非完备性特点,通过工资合约对员工进行完全激励是困难的;之后基于重复博弈理论构建了同时考虑内外部劳动力市场要求的效率工资模型,运用博弈理论分析了企业和员工在效率工资博弈过程中的行为和策略,揭示了该模型较之均衡效率工资模型具有的更为丰富的经济内涵,从八个方面阐述了效率工资对企业提高管理效率的价值,认为效率工资需要与其它激励机制相互补充.建立全面报酬体系才能实现其激励的目的.     

The effect of immigration on the labor market performance of native-born workers: some evidence for Spain

This paper provides an approximation to the labor market effects of immigrants in Spain, a country where labor market institutions and immigration policy exhibit some peculiarities, during the second half of the 1990s, the period in which immigration flows accelerated. By using alternative data sets, we estimate both the impact of legal and total immigration flows on the employment rates and wages of native workers, accounting for the possible occupational and geographical mobility of immigrants and native-born workers. Using different samples and estimation procedures, we have not found a significant negative effect of immigration on either the employment rates or wages of native workers.

Job-Match Quality as an Error Component and the Wage-Tenure Profiler A Comparison and Test of Alternative Estimators

The job-matching hypothesis implies that the disturbance of the standard-wage equation is correlated with one of the regressors, tenure, causing an overestimation of the effect of tenure on wages. This hypothesis is tested and consistent estimates of wage-equation parameters obtained using the methods of Hausman (1978). The approach treats job-match quality as a component of the disturbance term, and an error-components estimator is compared to a modified fixed-effects estimator. The results reject the hypothesis of no correlation between the disturbance term and tenure, but the estimated value of the tenure effect is contrary to the matching model. Other models that may be consistent with these results are discussed.     

The Minimum Wage

Do moderate increases in the minimum wage reduce employment? If not, do they nevertheless raise wages? To examine these questions, we apply techniques of time series analysis and systems estimation that are commonly used in macroeconomics and finance to five panels of data that contain between 11 and 34 low-wage industries. Our answers are “No” and “Yes,” respectively. We find that increases in the federal minimum wage between 1947 and 1997 have raised average wages in many of these industries, especially the lowest wage ones. The effect on employment, however, is mixed and typically nonsignificant, even when average wages have risen.     

最低工资标准提升的溢出效应

 依据中国健康与营养调查数据,本文应用微观经济计量方法考察了我国最低工资标准提升的溢出效应。研究表明：最低工资提升对男性和女性工资的溢出效应可以分别达到最低工资的1.50倍和1.25倍;随着相对工资区间的升高,溢出效应呈现逐渐下降的趋势;最低工资执行力度越大,溢出效应越明显。因此,政府通过适当上调最低工资,同时加大对最低工资法规执行的监管,将有助于低收入群体工资水平的提高,进而有助于抑制城镇居民收入差距的持续扩大。     

Educational Attainment and the Lesbian Wage Premium

This paper provides insight into the wage gap between lesbians and heterosexual women. Using data from the 2000 Decennial Census, we find a lesbian premium that equals approximately 10% for women without a bachelor’s degree, and is nearly non-existent for women with higher levels of education. These findings are consistent with proposition that the gap between lesbians’ and heterosexual women’s commitment to the labor market narrows at higher levels of education. We also find that controls for industry and occupation exert only a small effect on the gap between lesbian and heterosexual women’s wages.

基于单位劳动力成本的中国制造业国际竞争力研究

 计算、比较中国与主要出口竞争国的单位劳动力成本(ULC),发现中国制造业仍然具有较大的国际竞争优势,原因是多年来制造业劳动生产率增速明显快于工资增速,使单位劳动成本保持下降趋势。相对单位劳动力成本(RULC)的比较结果显示,即使不考虑提高工资将促使劳动生产率进一步提升以及基础设施、国内市场、政治环境等方面的优势,现有劳动生产率水平上,中国制造业仍能够承受约50%的劳动报酬上升。用购买力平价调整后的ULC数据说明,尽管汇率低估在一定程度上强化了中国制造业国际竞争优势,但2005年汇率改革以来,这种附加优势已基本消失。     

The influence of wages on parents’ allocations of time to child care and market work in the United Kingdom

We use time-diary data on couples with children from the 2000 United Kingdom Time Use Survey to examine the impacts of own and partner’s wages on parents’ provision of child care and market work on weekdays and on weekends and holidays. We find that increases in partners’ wages increase women’s primary care on all days and decrease their market work on weekdays, while increases in women’s own wages increase their market work on weekdays. There is little evidence that men’s time use responds to changes in their own wages. However, an increase in men’s partners’ wages increases men’s passive child-care time on weekends and reduces their market-work time on weekends.

构建解决拖欠农民工工资问题的长效机制

解决农民工工资拖欠问题,应从完善维护农民工权益的法律体系、建立城乡统一的劳动力市场、提高农民工的组织化程度、建立农民工工资保障金制度、建立企业的信用档案和发挥媒体的舆论监督作用等方面入手,构建解决拖欠农民工工资问题的长效机制。