从“单独二孩”政策看性别评估机制在公共政策中的缺席与问题

“单独二孩”政策的出台是我国计划生育基本国策调整变化的一个重要转折点,被寄予“稳定适度低生育水平,促进人口长期均衡发展,保持合理的劳动力数量和结构,促进经济持续健康发展”的厚望。但是,育龄女性作为该项新政关联度最高的目标群体,在“单独二孩”政策制定和合法化过程中几乎处于失声状态,政策前评估基本忽略了这部分人群的立场和利益。当下社会现状和性别关系模式下,“单独二孩”政策可能对女性造成加大潜在的生育保障压力、加重养育照料负担、加剧就业困境等负面影响。“单独二孩”政策引发我们思考性别评估机制在公共政策中的缺席和问题。     

就业岗位开发:再就业工程的治本之举

再就业工程实施以来,取得了一定的成效,但也面临着一些问题,其中尤为突出的问题是供求矛盾,即劳动力供应大于劳动力需求,就业岗位严重短缺.从根本上解决这一突出矛盾的办法是保持稳定的经济增长速度,大力开发就业岗位,缩小劳动力供求差距.为此,应采取有效措施,大力发展经济、确保必要的经济增长速度;调整就业结构、提高就业弹性;发展基础设施和基础产业,创造就业机会;发展对外经济合作,拓展就业空间.     

在华国际非政府组织法律规制缺陷及应对

国际非政府组织在华已经活动三十年有余,中国仍然在对其法律规制层面存在种种缺陷,这与中国根深蒂固的对其不信任态度及防范意识分不开的.鉴于其在中国经济建设中发挥出的出色积极作用,在没有满足颁布诸如《非政府组织法》等专门法规条件之前的过渡期之内,中国政府应该转变对其的指导思想及态度,通过完善现有中央层面及地方层面法规,加强对其法律规制.除此之外,在华的国际非政府组织应该通过完善与缔结自身行为准则等途径,提高自身素质,积极寻求与中国政府合作的机会,获取国家及人民的信任;同时,中国本土的非政府组织也应该勇敢的走出国门,提高国际事务的参与度.     

Large,But Adaptable? A Successful Population Policy and Its Long Term Effects

A restrictive population policy led to almost doubling the number of newborns from one year to another in Romania in the 1960s. Twenty years later, this large generation (of women) enters a marriage market with few eligible older mates, in a society where marriage is a must. In this article, I analyze this social experiment within the broader frame of the marriage squeeze/two sex models. Using various data from censuses and surveys, I argue that the marriage market is flexible even when is confronted with disproportionately large cohorts. If the social pressure toward marriage is strong, the marriage rates do not necessarily fall, but the mating age patterns change.

On high fertility rates in developing countries: birth limits, birth taxes, or education subsidies?

In this paper, we consider two types of population policies observed in practice: birth limits and birth taxes. We find that both achieve very similar equilibrium solutions if tax revenue finances lump-sum transfers. By reducing fertility and promoting growth, both birth policies may achieve higher welfare than conventional education subsidies financed by income taxes. A birth tax for education subsidies can achieve the first-best solution. The welfare gain of the first-best policy may be equivalent to a massive 10–50% rise in income, depending on the degree of human capital externalities and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution.      

Quality_Family Deployment: A New Perspective in Determining Priority Importance for Improving Work Performance in Organization

Determining priority importance is a matter of concerns among the organization to improve their performance. One of the important aspects that should be considered by the organization is management of human resources, comprising of members who have their own family life. In this paper, we deliver a new perspective for organization to provide priority importance for their members with respect to family matters in order to inculcate the sense of belonging in the organization. To be effective in considering family matters in the organizational policy making, closer look of family characteristics are required. The idea of translating several family characteristics as quality variables and applying the quality function deployment (QFD) method to these variables could present a new way of improving the decision making in the organization by considering the process of decision in the family. Quality function deployment for family (QFDF) produces a friendly interpretation of a highly complex and intangible matters around family life; thus, making the assessment of a family easier. QFD is applied on the data gathered from a questionnaire survey based on 1,213 families in West Malaysia, Malaysia. Twelve variables are identified as voice of family, where seven of them are found to have the highest priority of importance. These variables could also be translated into quality variables in the context of organization, the strategy of improvement for the family could be interpreted as strategy for improvement in the organization. Furthermore, the results of this study provide suggestion to improve actions for managing human resource. In the discussion, three most high ranked variables from both perspectives of family and organization are considered.     

外来工子女留守与流动的教育状况比较

在教育公共政策转型的社会背景下,经济因素和外来工家庭凶素是影响其子女在城乡之间进行就读选择的重要原因。外来工子女进入城市上学的成本是留守在农村的两到三倍;外来工子女流入城市就读的主要因素并非是农村的教育质量问题;外来工子女流入城市比留守在农村老家更容易失学。     

宁夏人口与生态环境面临的问题及对策

宁夏是少数民族地区,较为宽松的生育政策。导致人口快速增殖。由于宁夏所处的地理位置和历史遗留的生态债务使得境内生态环境十分脆弱。尤其是人口过度增殖已超出了刚性土地资源的有效容纳力。这不仅给环境造成了巨大压力,也进一步加剧了生态环境的恶化。本文通过大量统计数据和实地调研。分析了近年来宁夏人口与生态环境之间存在的亟待解决的矛盾和问题。分析表明,当前宁夏尤其是宁南山区人口数量与人口素质、人口数量与生态存量和生态消费之间表现出了明显的此长彼消的关系。在分析的基础上．提出了人口与生态环境建设方面的政策建议。     

退休年龄对劳动参与率的影响

自1951年以来。中国的退休政策并未随着平均寿命、经济发展等情况的变化做出大的改变。每年有成千上万的老年劳动者,在其仍有劳动意愿和劳动能力的情况下,因为政策的规定离开工作岗位。过低的退休年龄使得我国的劳动参与率被潜在的低估,如果调整现行退休政策,将修正劳动参与率、减少“人口负债”期问题、缓解未来养老金收支失衡压力和挤压劳动力市场。     

试论财政政策与货币政策的协调与配合

探讨了市场经济条件下财政与银行的关系、财政政策与货币政策协调和配合的理论基础。分析了当前财政政策与货币政策的协调配合,认为积极的财政政策与稳健的货币政策是正确的选择,但要防止过度利用财政政策和货币政策的倾向。