利用和声分散搜索算法解决动态共乘的乘客选择研究

动态共乘作为一种配合解决城市交通出行难题的新模式近年来引起了人们越来越多的关注，然而在较大范围内选择合适的乘客，以便获得最佳的综合服务效果却具有相当大的挑战性。本文正是针对这一问题，建立了以乘客效用最大化和司机总行程最短为目标函数，以满足司机与乘客的时间要求和司机参与约束为限制条件的多目标0-1规划共乘模型，用于帮助司机选择最合适的乘客。根据该模型的特点，构造了加入了分散搜索机制的新的和声搜索算法。在仿真实验时，针对司机和乘客效用的两种产生方式，在较大规模的路网环境下利用该算法分别对模型进行了求解，得到了Pareto最优解集。仿真结果不仅表明了模型的合理性和算法的可行性，而且还指出基于效用函数可以发现更多合适的潜在乘客。最后，通过与文献中其它算法的对比进一步展示了本文算法的有效性。     

Performance of TOC based finite capacity material requirement planning system for a multi-stage assembly factory

This paper aims to develop a finite capacity material requirement planning (FCMRP) system based on TOC philosophy (TOC-MRP) for multi-stage assembly factory that has some bottleneck stations. The proposed TOC-MRP system tries to load and schedule operations on bottleneck stations in a manner that they are free of idle time and overtime. The schedules on non-bottleneck stations will be arranged until they are not conflicting with those on the bottleneck stations. The non-bottleneck stations are allowed to have idle time and overtime if necessary. To analyse whether TOC-MRP is effective, it is compared with a FCMRP method that does not adopt TOC philosophy. The experimental results reveal that the TOC-MRP outperforms the FCMRP without TOC philosophy.     

Flexible Copula Density Estimation with Penalized Hierarchical B‐splines

The paper introduces a new method for flexible spline fitting for copula density estimation. Spline coefficients are penalized to achieve a smooth fit. To weaken the curse of dimensionality, instead of a full tensor spline basis, a reduced tensor product based on so called sparse grids (Notes Numer. Fluid Mech. Multidiscip. Des., 31, 1991, 241‐251) is used. To achieve uniform margins of the copula density, linear constraints are placed on the spline coefficients, and quadratic programming is used to fit the model. Simulations and practical examples accompany the presentation.     

The Value of Weather Information for E‐Commerce Operations

To be efficient, logistics operations in e‐commerce require warehousing and transportation resources to be aligned with sales. Customer orders must be fulfilled with short lead times to ensure high customer satisfaction, and the costly under‐utilization of workers must be avoided. To approach this ideal, forecasting order quantities with high accuracy is essential. Many drivers of online sales, including seasonality, special promotions and public holidays, are well known, and they have been frequently incorporated into forecasting approaches. However, the impact of weather on e‐commerce operations has not been rigorously analyzed. In this study, we integrate weather data into the sales forecasting of the largest European online fashion retailer. We find that sunshine, temperature, and rain have a significant impact on daily sales, particularly in the summer, on weekends, and on days with extreme weather. Using weather forecasts, we have significantly improved sales forecast accuracy. We find that including weather data in the sales forecast model can lead to fewer sales forecast errors, reducing them by, on average, 8.6% to 12.2% and up to 50.6% on summer weekends. In turn, the improvement in sales forecast accuracy has a measurable impact on logistics and warehousing operations. We quantify the value of incorporating weather forecasts in the planning process for the order fulfillment center workforce and show how their incorporation can be leveraged to reduce costs and increase performance. With a perfect information planning scenario, excess costs can be reduced by 11.6% compared with the cost reduction attainable with a baseline model that ignores weather information in workforce planning.     

Sequence Independent Lifting in Mixed Integer Programming

We investigate lifting, i.e., the process of taking a valid inequality for a polyhedron and extending it to a valid inequality in a higher dimensional space. Lifting is usually applied sequentially, that is, variables in a set are lifted one after the other. This may be computationally unattractive since it involves the solution of an optimization problem to compute a lifting coefficient for each variable. To relieve this computational burden, we study sequence independent lifting, which only involves the solution of one optimization problem. We show that if a certain lifting function is superadditive, then the lifting coefficients are independent of the lifting sequence. We introduce the idea of valid superadditive lifting functions to obtain good aproximations to maximum lifting. We apply these results to strengthen Balas' lifting theorem for cover inequalities and to produce lifted flow cover inequalities for a single node flow problem.     

注塑模具CAD系统的设计

根据注塑模具的设计特点和要求,在AutoCAD环境下开发注塑模具CAD系统,介绍了注塑模具CAD系统的功能和工作流程.     

结对编程在计算机专业学生编程实践的应用

结对编程是敏捷的和基于实践的软件开发方法学。将结对编程引入计算机专业编程设计中,并探讨了在编程实践中引入结对编程的意义,以及如何应用结对编程有效地进行编程实践。     

论程序设计类精品课程建设

精品课程建设是高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程中重要的项目之一。文章介绍了国家精品课程建设的宗旨和精品课程评审的指标体系，并着重从教学团队、教学内容、教学条件、教学方法与手段、教学效果、政策支持等方面讨论了程序设计类精品课程建设的具体措施。     

Application of numerical interval analysis to obtain self-validating results for multivariate probabilities in a massively parallel environment

Conventional computations use real numbers as input and produce real numbers as results without any indication of the accuracy. Interval analysis, instead, uses interval elements throughout the computation and produces intervals as output with the guarantee that the true results are contained in them. One major use for interval analysis in statistics is to get results of high-dimensional multivariate probabilities. With the efforts to decrease the length of the intervals that contain the theoretically true answers, we can obtain results to any arbitrary accuracy, which is demonstrated by multivariate normal and multivariate t integrations. This is an advantage over the approximation methods that are currently in use. Since interval analysis is more computationally intensive than traditional computing, a MasPar parallel computer is used in this research to improve performance.     

基于成员合作的组织有效性建模分析

从组织成员合作出发,通过建立博弈模型研究成员目标优化问题,建立线性规划模型研究组织目标优化问题,并把个人目标优化条件下成员投入的人力资源作为组织目标优化的资源约束,以此建立博弈分析和线性规划的联系,使个人目标优化和组织目标优化结合起来,并在此基础上形成基于成员合作的组织有效性分析模型。