A sign of the times? Weak and strong polarization in the U.S. Congress, 1973–2016

Claims that the United States Congress is (becoming more) polarized are widespread, but what is polarization? In this paper, I draw on notions of intergroup relations to distinguish two forms. Weak polarization occurs when relations between the polarized groups are merely absent, while strong polarization occurs when the relations between the polarized groups are negative. I apply the Stochastic Degree Sequence Model to data on bill co-sponsorship in both the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, from 1973 (93rd session) to 2016 (114th session) to infer a series of signed networks of political relationships among legislators, which I then use to answer two research questions. First, can the widely reported finding of increasing weak polarization in the U.S. Congress be replicated when using a statistical model to make inferences about when positive political relations exist? Second, is the (increasing) polarization observed in the U.S. Congress only weak polarization, or is it strong polarization? I find that both chambers exhibit both weak and strong polarization, that both forms are increasing, and that they are structured by political party affiliation. However, I also find these trends are unrelated to which party holds the majority in a chamber.     

国际收支危机模型的演化逻辑及其现实困境——基于全球金融危机视角的分析范式

本文系统地回顾了国际收支危机模型的理论背景、假设前提及其基本原理，同时，将西方其他学者就国际收支危机模型的进一步拓展进行了系统的分析和解释，并从全球金融危机视角考察了理论解释危机现象的突出优势和面临的现实困境。     

Consequences of work-family conflict on employee well-being over time

The effects of work-family conflict on the well-being of a diverse sample of 342 non-professional employees from the greater Los Angeles area were examined. Data were collected at two points in time, and a rigorous research design was employed. The effects of self-report bias were considered by controlling for social desirability bias, and by collecting two sources of data (i.e. self-reports and co-workers reports). The results revealed that work-family conflict predicted employee well-being over and above social desirability bias. In addition, analyses were consistent when both self-reports and co-workers reports were utilized. Finally, work-family conflict was a longitudinal predictor of employee's positive well-being. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were consistent across self-reports and co-worker reports.     

秦简《日书》与秦汉社会的生命意识

本文根据睡虎地秦简《日书》和秦汉文献史料，系统阐述了秦汉时代优胜劣汰、自强不息的生命意识，其中包括秦汉社会对男女婚配体质、年龄谐调的重视；对授精受孕时间季节的选择；对胎养、胎教、幼育及新生婴儿的把握与抉择等。并揭示了秦汉社会的优生意识的时代价值特征。     

Hospital restructuring stressors,work—family concerns and psychological well-being among nursing staff

This study examined relationships between hospital restructuring and downsizing stressors, work-family and family-work conflict, job and family satisfaction and psychological well-being. Data were collected from 686 hospital-based nurses, the vast majority women, using anonymous questionnaires. Two research models hypothesizing both direct and indirect effects among these variables were tested using LISREL. Considerable support was found for these models. Restructuring and downsizing stressors had significant relationships with work-family conflict but not family-work conflict. Work-family conflict and family-work conflict, in turn, had significant relationships with psychological health. These results indicate that those responsible for the implementation of organizational restructuring and downsizing must be sensitive to the larger family and community effects of these initiatives. Fortunately, a growing body of literature on best practice provides considerable guidance on how to more effectively plan and manage these transitions. Este estudio examina relaciones entre estresores relacionados a la reestructuracion y la reduccion de hospitales, el conflicto trabajo-familia y el conflicto familia-trabajo, la satisfaccion laboral y familiar, y el bienestar sicologico. Utilizando cuestionarios anonimos, se recopilaron datos de 686 enfermeros, la gran mayoria de ellos mujeres, con base en hospitales, Se utilizo LISREL para poner a prueba dos modelos de investigacion que plantearon como hipotesis efectos directos e indirectos entre estas variables. Se encontro considerable apoyo para estos modelos. Los estresores, reestructuracion y reduccion, se relacionaron significamente con el conflicto trabajo-familia pero no con el conflicto familia-trbajo. A su vez, el conflicto trabajo-familia y el conflicto familia-trabajo se relacionaron significamente con el bienestar sicologico. Estos resultados indican que los responsables de la implementacion de la reestructuracion y reduccion organizativas deben estar muy conscientes de los efectos familiares y comunitarias de estas iniciativas. Afortunadamente, una literatura cada vez mayor sobre la mejor practica nos proporciona consejos importantes sobre como mejor planificar y dirigir estas transiciones.     

称呼语的身份标记功能的元语用考察

依据身份表征理论,言语交际中交际者的身份外显为个体我、人际我和群体我。称呼语作为身份的外显言语标记,其使用和转换是交际主体身份协商的结果,是其语用身份建构与凸显的语言手段,是元语用意识调控之下元语用策略的使用。身份作为交际主体固有而重要的语用资源,发话人借助元语用意识调控,在语用平衡理论的框架下,采用身份标记语的称呼语对话语走向进行调控,力求达到语用力量与交际需要的平衡,完成即时语境中的人际交往。     

义务教育均衡发展机制论析

义务教育作为公共产品,其公共性体现为适龄儿童享有平等的教育机会和教育资源。目前我国义务教育的发展表现为公平与效率的双重缺失,处于非均衡状态。新义务教育法为义务教育提供了均衡发展的合法性和基本保障。在义务教育法的框架下,均衡发展机制包含发生机制,传导机制和监控机制。     

浅谈建筑形式美的规律及其体现手法

建筑 ,是一种造型艺术 ,它具有一定的美学规律 ,建筑形式美的规律是多样统一 ,任何优秀的建筑都存在这种规律。多样统一的体现手法有以下几种 :对比和微差、节奏和韵律、均衡与稳定、呼应和重点、联系和间隔、比例和尺度。     

工作—家庭关系理论与工作家庭平衡计划

工作—家庭关系是影响雇员职业生涯发展与个人家庭幸福的重要因素。制定良好的工作家庭平衡计划已成为当前人力资源管理与职业生涯管理的重要内容。本文在对以往的工作家庭关系理论进行评价基础上,借鉴上述理论,分别从组织及个人的角度,提出了有关工作家庭平衡的工具与平衡措施。     

A construction of repeated measurements designs with balance for residual effects

Families of Repeated Measurements Designs balanced for residual effects are constructed (whenever the divisibility conditions allow), under the assumption that the number of periods is less than the number of treatments and that each treatment precedes each other treatment once. These designs are then shown to be connected for both residual and direct treatment effects.