浅析平衡计分卡

介绍平衡计分卡的来源、特点,它与传统的绩效测评方法的区别,以及实施平衡计分卡的步骤。最后给了一个实施平衡计分卡的企业实例。     

城乡统筹中农地利益均衡与农民土地权益保护

城乡统筹发展中存在农地利益失衡的现象,损害了农民土地权益,影响了城乡统筹和谐发展。农地利益均衡存在农地制度不完善,政府规制不健全,农地市场不规范,利益诉求机制不完备等制约因素。为此,应完善农地法律制度,从法律上保护农民土地利益;健全政府规制机制,让政府能有效保护农民土地利益;构建农地市场机制,让市场为农民提供应得农地利益;完备农民农地利益诉求机制,让农民自己能有效维护农地利益,从而形成系统的农地利益均衡机制,有效保护好农民土地权益,和谐推进城乡统筹发展。     

Manufacturing cycle time reduction using balance control in the semiconductor fabrication line

In semiconductor manufacturing, wafer fabrication is the most complicated and important process, and is composed of several hundred process steps and involves several hundred machines. The productivity of the manufacturing process depends mainly on controlling the balance of WIP (work-inprogress) flow to achieve maximum throughput under short manufacturing cycle times. This paper discusses how to determine the proper WIP level for operations, against which balance status can be measured. Balance measurement can be applied in mathematical modelling for bottleneck scheduling and operations management of the fabrication line. Performances are evaluated through computational experiments to show that balance driven management leads to 15-33% more production in 21% shorter manufacturing cycle time than production driven management.     

力量平衡与中东地区冲突

在阐述了中东地区存在的三种力量平衡的基础上 ,对 2 0世纪该地区发生的冲突进行了历史的考察 ,并揭示了力量平衡与中东地区冲突的内在关系     

Consequences of work-family conflict on employee well-being over time

The effects of work-family conflict on the well-being of a diverse sample of 342 non-professional employees from the greater Los Angeles area were examined. Data were collected at two points in time, and a rigorous research design was employed. The effects of self-report bias were considered by controlling for social desirability bias, and by collecting two sources of data (i.e. self-reports and co-workers reports). The results revealed that work-family conflict predicted employee well-being over and above social desirability bias. In addition, analyses were consistent when both self-reports and co-workers reports were utilized. Finally, work-family conflict was a longitudinal predictor of employee's positive well-being. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were consistent across self-reports and co-worker reports.     

A balance theory approach to group problem solving

This paper presents a conceptualization of group problem solving based on Heider's balance theory [Cartwright, D., Harary, F., 1956. Structural balance: a generalization of Heider's theory. Psychological Review 63, 277–292; Heider, F., 1946. Attitudes and cognitive organization. Journal of Psychology 21, 107–112; Heider, F., 1958. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. Wiley, New York], in which the problem solving process is viewed as a struggle toward increasing structural balance. Balance theory provides a means of representing problems that captures both gestalt restructuring and incremental search aspects of the problem solving process. An experimental method based on a flexible card categorization task operationalizes this conceptual view in a group problem solving situation. Results of an experiment investigating the effects of certain properties of problem structure on group problem solving behavior and performance are reported.     

均势外交与美国中东政策的困境

美国的均势外交思想和实践与其地缘特征密切相关。远离欧亚大陆的地缘孤立以及在多条战线上维持支配地位的需要阻碍了美国有效参与欧亚大陆的权力争夺，均势外交成为美国谋求霸权的“法宝”。冷战结束后，美国的霸权基础更为脆弱；海湾战争以来的美国中东政策偏离了均势外交的要求，转而寻求武力支配中东地区；伊拉克战争更使美国的战略重心向中东地区倾斜，暴露了美国全球战略的缺陷。美国中东政策的困境在于布什政府对美传统均势外交的背离。不管2008年美国大选结果如何，未来美国中东政策将围绕重启中东均势外交作进一步调整。     

Communicating across the work/home border

This article is about how individuals enact their work and home environments to create balance, by communicating with family about work and with work associates about family. Three themes of this type of communication are identified from interviews and a focus group. Questionnaire data from a sample of 179 individuals who work and have family responsibilities are used to examine factors that influence the amount of communication and the effect of communication on work/family balance. Results show that communication with family about work and communication at work about family varies depending on the permeability of the work and home borders. Individuals who engage in these types of communication show greater work satisfaction, higher work functioning, higher satisfaction with home and family activities, and have more functional families. Este artículo se trata de cómo, por mediación de la comunicación con la familia sobre asuntos de trabajo y con colegas sobre asuntos familiares, se puede manejar el ambiente laboral y el ambiente del hogar para crear un equilibrio entre los dos. Se utilizaron entrevistas y un grupo de enfoque para identificar tres temas de este tipo de comunicación. Se emplean datos de una muestra de 179 individuos con responsabilidades laborales y familiares para examinar factores que influyen en la cantidad de comunicación y el efecto de comunicación en el equilibrio laboral/familiar. Los resultados indican que la comunicación con la familia sobre el trabajo, y la comunicación en el trabajo sobre la familia, varían según la permeabilidad de las fronteras entre el trabajo y el hogar. Los individuos que participan en estos tipos de comunicación demuestran niveles mas altos de satisfacción laboral, funcionamiento laboral, satisfacción con actividades familiares/hogareños y tienen familias mas funcionales.     

平衡计分卡与公共服务型政府的战略管理

无论从公共行政改革的最新范式还是从中国改革的实践进程看,建设公共服务型政府已经成为人们的共识。文章试图论证平衡计分卡是公共服务型政府的一种实现方法和途径。其具体内涵包括:1.平衡计分卡的平衡理念是建构公共服务型政府的理念支持。2.平衡计分卡将公共服务型政府的战略蓝图分解为公民、服务流程、学习与成长、财务4个层面,实现系统性的执行体系,从而为公共服务型政府提供执行层面的支持。     

Factorial-balance and the analysis of designs with factorial structure

Cotter, John and Smith (1973) have given conditions for an incomplete block design to have orthogonal factorial structure. Further results on the intra-block analysis of such designs are given. The concept of balance in factorial design is discussed and results are given which enable the degree of balance in generalised cyclic designs to be determined.