劳工NGO对农民工权益保障的价值和限度

在当代中国,政府无论是对劳资事务的监管还是保障农民工合法权益行动,存在许多局限性,均会出现政府失灵的问题,它需要劳工NGO予以回应。而劳工NGO参与社会公共事务治理,尤其是其人性化志愿服务能有效地为农民工提供社会网络支持、情感支持,提升其法律意识,降低可能的暴力维权行动,这对政府劳资事务治理和实现社会稳定有积极意义。但现行非政府组织政策环境限制其参与保障农民工合法权益的活动,同时,劳工NGO大多缺少合法身份和资源,制约其与政府良性互动,降低其作用的发挥。     

Gender,Migration and Place of Qualification of Doctors in the UK: Perceptions of Inequality,Morale and Career Aspiration

This article draws on a large British Medical Association (BMA) survey which allows the comparison of doctors who qualified in the UK with International Medical Graduates (IMG) who qualified overseas. It does this with respect to inequality, morale and career aspiration. The paper argues that the human-capital protection of qualifications, profession and status is not sufficient to equal the experiences of migrant doctors with those of doctors who qualified in the UK. Moreover, the article provides a gendered analysis which demonstrates clear differences between women and men and shows that place of qualification intensifies the gendered experience of a medical career. Drawing on intersectional insights shows that women IMGs are the most disadvantaged despite the apparent protection of high human capital.     

12-h workdays: current knowledge and future directions

Work schedules other than those based on the traditional 8-h workday duration have become much more common in recent years. Many such schedules compress the work week into three or four longer workdays and include an increased number of days off. In particular, rosters based on 12-h workdays have gained in popularity, and such rosters have been the focus of considerable research. The literature on 12-h workdays is, however, full of inconsistencies. Not surprisingly, there is considerable evidence from some of these studies that 12-h shifts tend to cause more fatigue than 8-h shifts. This extra fatigue may be associated with lower work efficiency, and with more errors and accidents. There is also strong evidence that workers prefer 12-h shifts due to some perceived advantages. The present paper reviews and examines these studies and their findings and discusses some possible reasons for the apparent contradictions in reported findings. Directions for decision makers and future research are suggested.     

Intergenerational resource tensions in the workplace and beyond: Individual,interpersonal, institutional,international

The workforce is rapidly aging. Already at record highs, labor force participation rates of both over-55 and over-65 age segments are expected to nearly double in the immediate future. The current chapter describes how these sweeping demographic changes necessitate both the unprecedented utilization of older workers and intergenerational collaboration, but also present the danger of heightened generational tension. We describe the specific risk factors for such tensions, highlighting the presence of generational boundaries at multiple levels: (a) individual, (b) interpersonal, (c) institutional, and (d) international. Drawing from our own work and relevant management literature, we then identify three broad domains within which intergenerational tensions are particularly salient at each of these levels: active Succession tensions over enviable resources and influence (e.g., employment), passive Consumption tensions over shared asset usage (e.g., healthcare) and symbolic Identity tensions over figurative space (e.g., cultural fit) (SCI). We conclude with suggestions for potential interventions, and major open areas for future organizational research, both of which should focus on how to maximize the utility of unprecedented intergenerational collaboration.     

外来务工者的社区融入现状分析——基于对北京石景山区Y小区的调查

文章基于对北京石景山区Y小区中外来务工人员生活和社区融合状况的调查，揭示了城市社区中外来务工人员的融人情况和面临的主要问题，并分析了造成这种情况的原因，主要从社区层面上提出了促进社区融合的建议。对于前人关于外来务工人员城市适应问题的研究进行了补充。     

台湾中部的移民和家庭变迁

在20世纪50和60年代，尽管扩展家庭作为传统理想家庭仍然在台湾受到广泛的推崇。但城市里更多的经济机会吸引了台湾中部的移民从农村涌向城市。虽然移民比以前有更多的机会生活在扩展家庭中，但是他们比非移民更倾向于携妻挈子早些离开出生家庭，而且趋向于认为兄弟关系不如夫妻关系来得重要。数据显示，一个男性移民的兄弟人数、排行、家庭经济背景等都影响着他迁往城市的机率，而且迁移并未完全阻断移民与移出家庭之间的联系。     

Combinatorics and Statistical Issues Related to the Kruskal–Wallis Statistic

We explore criteria that data must meet in order for the Kruskal–Wallis test to reject the null hypothesis by computing the number of unique ranked datasets in the balanced case where each of the m alternatives has n observations. We show that the Kruskal–Wallis test tends to be conservative in rejecting the null hypothesis, and we offer a correction that improves its performance. We then compute the number of possible datasets producing unique rank-sums. The most commonly occurring data lead to an uncommonly small set of possible rank-sums. We extend prior findings about row- and column-ordered data structures.     

“苦痛”的记忆与“闪婚”的促发——对皖北Y村青年农民工婚姻实践的考察

本文探讨了Y村村民共同体"苦痛"的记忆与当地村民所践行的"闪婚"模式以及当地婚恋模式变迁之间的关联。村庄共同体的整体利益需求构成发生在村民个体身上的婚姻失败事件转化为"苦痛"的集体记忆的意义转换机制,同时也构成这种苦痛记忆代际承续的动力。这一在不同代际间被不断表述的"苦痛"记忆经由关涉婚姻的地方感与行动主体婚姻实践的结合引发了对当地婚姻规范的动态建构,致使当地婚恋模式的变迁和"闪婚"模式的映现,而这种被行动主体建构出的新的婚姻模式和婚姻规范又在规制着当地村民的婚姻实践。     

Discount rates and risky sexual behaviors among teenagers and young adults

This article examines the relationship between personal discount rates and sexual behaviors in a sample of teenagers and young adults. We find that higher discount rates (an indication of less willingness to forego current consumption for future consumption) are significantly associated with a range of sexual behaviors, including ever having sex, having sex before age 16 years, and past or current pregnancy. These associations are consistent with previous studies showing a link between discounting and other, non-sexual health behaviors. JEL Classification D80 · D90 · I10     

少年中国学会与1920年“改造联合”

1920年少年中国学会与觉悟社、人道社、曙光社和青年互助团等五个宗旨相同的团体在北京组织"改造联合",提出了"到民间去"的改造目标与方向,成为五四运动之后进步团体走向联合的一个重要标志。少年中国学会在"改造联合"会议中发挥了重要的组织作用,而且作为该会代表的李大钊关于各团体标明本会主义的提议,对改造联合产生了重要影响。由此揭起的共同主义之争,成为学会分化的最重要的原因。