Intergenerational resource tensions in the workplace and beyond: Individual,interpersonal, institutional,international

The workforce is rapidly aging. Already at record highs, labor force participation rates of both over-55 and over-65 age segments are expected to nearly double in the immediate future. The current chapter describes how these sweeping demographic changes necessitate both the unprecedented utilization of older workers and intergenerational collaboration, but also present the danger of heightened generational tension. We describe the specific risk factors for such tensions, highlighting the presence of generational boundaries at multiple levels: (a) individual, (b) interpersonal, (c) institutional, and (d) international. Drawing from our own work and relevant management literature, we then identify three broad domains within which intergenerational tensions are particularly salient at each of these levels: active Succession tensions over enviable resources and influence (e.g., employment), passive Consumption tensions over shared asset usage (e.g., healthcare) and symbolic Identity tensions over figurative space (e.g., cultural fit) (SCI). We conclude with suggestions for potential interventions, and major open areas for future organizational research, both of which should focus on how to maximize the utility of unprecedented intergenerational collaboration.     

关于农民工类型的思考

改革开放以来,在农民社会分化的基础上,出现了不同类型的农民工。按其居住地和从事职业的不同,可以划分为在乡在土型、在乡离土型、离乡离土型、离乡在土型四种类型。在乡在土型农民工既在家乡附近的企业打工,又经营土地,二者所得为其经济来源;在乡离土型农民工在家乡附近的企业里打工,不再经营土地,完全把打工收入作为经济来源;离乡离土型农民工离开家乡到外地打工,完全和先前的承包地脱离关系,打工收入为其经济来源;离乡在土型农民工虽然离开家乡到外地打工,但家庭承包地仍然经营着,二者所得为其经济来源。文章的目的在于更深入地研究农民工,认识不同类型农民工的特征、存在的主要问题、需求,为有关部门的科学决策提供依据,有效地解决农民工问题。     

唐朝至清朝东北地区人口迁移

移民构成了历史上东北地区人口增长的主体,东北地区人口迁移包括数次战争对人口的掠夺、华北地区逃荒的灾民、到东北地区开垦荒地以谋求生计的关内农民、跟随统治阶级移居东北地区的家仆等。总的看来,历史上东北地区的人口迁移以被迫迁移和强制性迁移为主,较为明显地体现了人口迁移中的距离因素的影响作用。并且人口迁移的意愿、规模等与东北地区丰富的自然资源直接相关。     

新型城镇化与农民工的梯度转移

新型城镇化的提出是在我国城市化已达到一定水平的前提下,对以往城市化过程中可能产生的问题以及城市本质的重大反思,是对以往发展思路的一次重大调整。在新型城镇化的具体实现过程中,需要将农民工的梯度转移与我国城市的不同层级结构结合起来考虑,从而实现农民工的迁移意愿和不同层级城市经济、社会发展之间的协调对接,既能使不同的农民工群体为不同层级城市的发展贡献力量,又能以恰当的方式实现不同的农民工群体向不同层级城市转移的意愿。     

改革开放后北京、上海、广州对流动人口的经济拉力因素的分析

本文以推拉理论建立多元线性模型并运用逐步回归的方法,分析改革开放后北京、上海、广州吸引流动人口流入的经济因素。结果显示流动人口主要依据微观经济因素做出流动迁移决策;不同城市对流动人口产生拉力的具体的微观经济因素不尽相同,即使有相同经济拉力因素的城市,拉力的大小也有差异;三城市的流动人口就业的分布不同,广州流动人口就业集中分布于第三产业,北京和上海则不然。     

计算中国男性人体环节体积的二元回归方程的研究

采用CT—图像分析法,在尸体研究的基础上,对50例中国男性样本(18～23岁)进行了全身CT横断层扫描、影像分析和测算,获得了样本各环节的长度和体积等惯性数据。进而确定了中国男性青年人体体积的分布,并据此建立了以身高、体重为自变量的直接计算中国青年人体各环节体积的二元回归方程。     

城市农民工文化适应问题探析

随着我国现代化、工业化步伐的加快,数以亿计的农村剩余劳动力迁移到了城市,同时也带来了诸多社会问题.我们主要运用文化社会学等学科的理论原理,从更深的层面分析农民工在适应城市文化过程中所存在的生活方式、思维方式、人际交往、心理等方面的主要困境,认为城乡文化差距、文化堕距、文化震惊、认知差异等是形成这些困境的原因,应当整合政...     

农民工子女留守原因分析

农民工子女留守农村是国家现行城乡分割的二元体制的结果,也是城乡两种不同社会与文明推拉合力作用的产物,同时是作为父母的农民工在迁移流动中的理性抉择与意识建构。城市生存境遇、乡村归属意识及城乡分割的义务教育体制等是农民工子女留守的重要因素。解决农民工子女问题,需要城乡相关体制的建立。     

'Dealing With It': Experiences of Young Fathers in and Leaving Care

The interface between two major UK Government priorities—reducingunwanted teenage pregnancies and supporting teenage parents,and improving the health and well-being of young people in andleaving local authority care—has been the focus of recentresearch. The overall aims of this study were to explore factorscontributing to early pregnancy and parenthood among young peoplein and leaving local authority care; to determine the kindsof support available to these young people; and to identifywhat enables or prevents the delivery of the support they need.Via in-depth interviews, and in four contrasting geographicalareas, data were collected from young people and service providersacross England. This paper analyses data of relevance to theexperience of young fathers who have been looked after—toconsider how the needs of these young men might be better addressedthrough policy and practice. In-depth interviews conducted withyoung fathers and service providers highlighted three key aspectsof their experience that must be addressed if future needs areto be better provided for. These are: social exclusion, trustand more flexible forms of service provision. The implicationsof these issues for future policy and programme developmentare discussed.     

外来流动人口计划生育工作问题的探讨

昆山市是苏南地区经济较发达、外来流动人口较多的县级市.外来人口不仅逐年增多、量大,而且持证率、计生率、计划外生育处结率都较低.其原因主要是外来人口生育观念滞后,管理工作不规范等5个方面原因.建议采取强化政府行为、实行现居住地管理、改革考核指标、保障经费、依法管理5项措施.