The contribution of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to understanding and promoting the interests of young people making the transition from care to adulthood

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) acknowledges that young people without parental care are entitled to special support and assistance from the State. In detailing their expectations, the UN Committee have issued Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children which recognise that State parties have a number of responsibilities towards care leavers. The paper explores how the UNCRC reporting process, and guidelines from the Committee outlining how States should promote the rights of young people making the transition from care to adulthood, can be used as an instrument to track global patterns of change in policy and practice. Content analysis of State Party Reports and Concluding Observations from 15 countries reveals that to date there has been limited engagement with understanding and promoting the needs of this group in the reporting process; although where a government is committed to developing legislation and practice then this does find its way into their national reports. Data supplied by affiliates of the International Research Network on Transitions to Adulthood from Care (INTRAC) reveals that national concerns, political ideology, public awareness, attitudes and knowledge of the vulnerability of care leavers influence service responses to protect and promote the rights of this group and the attention afforded to such issues in reports to the Committee. Findings also suggest that global governance is not simply a matter of top down influence. Future work on both promoting and monitoring of the impact of the UNCRC needs to recognise that what is in play is the management of a complex global/national dynamic with all its uneven development, levels of influence and with a range of institutional actors involved.     

Resilience in parenting among young mothers: Family and ecological risks and opportunities

The present study used a person-centered approach to examine resilience in parenting among a sample of young mothers (under age 21 at childbirth). Resilient functioning as a parent was defined as the lack of perpetration of child maltreatment (substantiated reports of child abuse and neglect) in the context of risk. Risk factors were assessed at multiple levels, including family (e.g., negative childhood histories in family of origin) and ecological (e.g., neighborhood poverty, mother's financial stress) levels. Analyses revealed a group of mothers who demonstrated resilience in parenting despite a context of substantial risks from their childhood histories (e.g., negative family relationships) and current ecologies (e.g., economic and neighborhood conditions). Mothers in the resilient group were less likely to a) live with their families of origin, and b) to rely on their own mothers as sources of emotional or caregiving support. Data also indicated that young mothers' resilient functioning as parents was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms among these mothers, perhaps suggesting a “cost” or limit to resilient parenting functioning in young mothers. Results are discussed in a resilience framework.     

Social skills training and parent education programs for aggressive preschoolers and their parents in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate social skills training and parent education programs for aggressive young children and their parents in South Korea. Participants consisted of intervention group I, which included six children and their mothers in the social skills training and parent education programs; intervention group II, which included seven children and their mothers in the social skills training; and control group, which consisted of six children and their mothers. Pre-test-post-test control group design was used. Participants in both intervention groups reported a significant decrease in aggression and on improvement in pro-social behavior, emotional regulation, and social skills, while the control group reported an increase in aggressive behavior. Mothers in the intervention group I also reported an increase in warmth/acceptance. The findings indicate that both programs are highly effective in reducing aggressive behavior among young children and in fostering positive parenting behaviors.     

现阶段农村青年婚姻观念的嬗变—以安徽省安庆市A县B镇为例

婚姻观念影响着人们的婚姻家庭生活。改革开放三十年来,由于各方面原因的冲击,使得人们的婚姻观念特别是青年的婚姻观念从传统向现代过渡,从封闭转向开放,从一元向多元的转变。本文以A县B镇农村青年为例,探求农村青年的婚姻观念中的择偶观、贞操观、婚俗观、生育观以及男女平等观念的嬗变。     

江西省部分高校非体育类中青年教师参加体育锻炼状况调查与分析

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、比较分析法、数理统计分析法等研究方法,分析江西省高校中青年教师体育锻炼的时间、强度、空间、项目、组织五个方面的基本特征及参加体育锻炼动机状况。研究结果表明：江西省高校中青年教师队伍中,强身健体是他们参与体育锻炼的首要动机,娱乐消遣和兴趣爱好动机占有较大比例;体育人口偏低;体育锻炼以自发性的组织形式为主,学校和社区对高校教师体育锻炼的组织力度不够。     

詹姆斯·乔伊斯早期对意识流的探索

意识流标志着西方的小说技巧、文学观念、哲学思维从现实主义向现代主义转化。乔伊斯最大的成就是为意识流小说发展做出了巨大贡献。在早期创作过程中,他运用精神顿悟不带成见、不加评论地描写生活,使读者在《都柏林人》中感受到他与书中描写的生活有着直接的联系。在《青年艺术家的画像》中,感官印象、自由联想和内心独白等意识流技巧得到更广泛地运用,人物的思想和行为好像被一个无形的、冷漠超然的创造者创造出来。文章重点探究的是意识流艺术形式与文本主题之间的联系,阐释艺术形式对主题的演绎和深化。     

Teenage Pregnancy and Female Educational Underachievement: A Prospective Study of a New Zealand Birth Cohort

This paper examines the relationship between teenage pregnancy and educational underachievement in a cohort of 520 young women studied from birth to 21 years. Results showed that young women who became pregnant by the age of 18 years were at increased risk of poor achievement in the national School Certificate examinations, of leaving school without qualifications, and of failing to complete their sixth‐form year at high school. In addition, pregnant teenagers had lower rates of participation in tertiary education and training than their nonpregnant peers. Subsequent analyses showed that the links between teenage pregnancy and tertiary educational participation were largely noncausal and reflected the earlier academic ability, behavior, and family circumstances of young women who became pregnant. In contrast, antecedent child and family factors only partially explained associations between teenage pregnancy and high school participation and achievement. After adjustment for these factors, significant associations remained between teenage pregnancy and educational achievement at high school. An examination of the diverse life histories of young women who became pregnant revealed that for the majority of young women, pregnancy occurred after they had left school before finishing. These findings suggest that rates of teenage pregnancy might be elevated among young women who leave school early, rather than rates of early school leaving being elevated among young women who become pregnant during their teenage years.     

Subsequent Fertility Among Teen Mothers: Longitudinal Analyses of Recent National Data

A sample of high school age mothers was followed from 1988 to 1994 in order to examine factors associated with having a second teen birth or a closely spaced second birth. The study incorporates a life‐course perspective. Factors associated with postponing a subsequent birth include characteristics measured prior to the first birth, at the time of the first birth, and after the first birth. Analyses suggest that a combination of young teen mothers staying in school, living at home with their parents, and (among older teen mothers) being engaged in educational or work activities might help reduce the risk of a second untimely birth. Those teenage mothers who were able to complete their high school diploma, or even their GED, were less likely to have a second teen birth.     

浦东新区人才高地建设及其主要问题与对策研究

上海要在本世纪第一个十年发展成为国际经济、金融、贸易中心之一,浦东起着举足轻重的作用.本文研究了浦东面对激烈的国际国内人才竞争在人才高地建设中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策.     

《万国公报》研究综述

概述了近百年来《万国公报》的研究状况,对研究中涉及的主要问题,如《万国公报》的性质、《万国公报》的西学传一以及《万国公报》的变法言化等作了论述,并就进一步深入研究《万国公报》提出了自己的看法。