The Effect of Occupational Sex Composition on the Gender Gap in Workplace Authority

This article compares women and men's attainment of workplace authority in female-dominated, mixed, and male-dominated occupations. It is based on a representative mobility study of Jewish women in the Israeli labor force conducted in 1991–1992. Two sets of hypotheses are offered based on two competing theories. The first theory predicts that in female occupations women have more influence and mutual support than in male occupations, and, hence, they will have more access to authority. The opposing perspective argues that in male-dominated occupations the competition between women and men is weaker, and therefore men have a smaller incentive to discriminate against women. Our findings support the second argument. The gender gap in authority is larger in female-dominated occupations, and women have the highest chances to have authority when they work in male occupations; men have similar chances, no matter in which type of occupation they are employed.     

Compensation or competition: Bias in immigrants' access to active labour market measures

Whether participation in active labour market programmes (ALMPs) pushes individuals back into employment depends on the programme's characteristics. On the basis of encompassing registry data that allow us to control for usually unobserved employability, we find evidence of a systematic access bias whereby jobcentre caseworkers in Switzerland assign unemployed persons to activation measures based on a competition logic that is mainly driven by an economic rationale and the jobcentre's performance evaluation. This practice seems problematic because it results in an overrepresentation of immigrants in measures with little efficacy rather than in measures that could compensate for employability disadvantages. Conversely, Swiss citizens are more likely to enter beneficial human-capital-intensive measures. It is plausible that this discrepancy in programme participation amplifies the general labour market disadvantages of immigrants.     

非线性需求下具有网络外部性的二级歧视定价研究

研究了非线性需求函数条件下产品存在网络外部性时,垄断企业采用对需求区间分段定价的方法进行二级歧视定价的策略。首先分析了单阶段垄断企业二级价格歧视的静态定价策略,接着给出了在一个较长时期内垄断企业分两阶段进行二级歧视的动态定价策略。结果表明网络外部性不影响最优需求区间分段单调递增的性质,但价格随网络外部性的增强而相应提高,且第一阶段的价格高于第二阶段的贴现值。     

增长性市场条件下垄断定价的实物期权方法

许多研究垄断厂商定价的文献忽视了垄断厂商拥有的调整价格的权利. 事实上,这种调 价的权利等价于厂商拥有的一个实物期权. 基于此,应用实物期权的方法确定了增长性市场条 件下调价权利(调价期权) 的价值,进而研究了垄断厂商的定价行为,给出了企业价值最大化的 条件. 结果表明,在增长性市场中,需求状况的好坏决定了垄断厂商的定价决策是否考虑调价 期权. 并且,当垄断厂商定价考虑其拥有的调价期权的价值时,除一些特殊情形外,边际收益等 于边际成本,不再适用垄断厂商的定价决策     

“唯女子与小人为,难养也“——孔子的女性观辨证

从<论语>文献学来考察,孔子对女性是正面肯定和赞颂的,而非歧视;"唯女子与小人为,难养也"是为女子呜不平,并非秦汉以来,尤其是宋明理学家们出于某种政治目的或个人需要的故意曲解.为此,应从<论语>内证和有关文献及文字训解、社会思潮和传统文化等多视角加以辨证,以还孔子女性观的本来面目.     

新生代农民工体面劳动问题研究

目前,新生代农民工仍然在就业领域内面临着一系列的歧视,对于发达的珠三角和长三角地区而言,积极推进体面劳动,让新生代农民工不仅有一份工作,而且有一份满意的工作,应当是当前和未来相当长时期内改善民生的重心所在,为此必须要在思想观念和具体的体制机制等方面进行相应的调整。     

Consequences of religious and secular boundaries among the majority population for perceived discrimination among Muslim minorities in Western Europe

While the concept of symbolic boundaries and ethnic boundary-making is well established in social research, the direct consequences of these boundaries for the integration of migrants have not received much attention. This paper thus analyses whether religious and secular boundaries of national belonging among the majority population have an impact on perceived discrimination among Muslim minorities in Western Europe. To analyse this linkage, data from the International Social Survey Programme measuring the importance of religion as a symbolic boundary of national belonging among the majority have been aggregated as a regional context condition and combined with a Muslim minority subsample from the European Social Survey. The results of the multilevel models reveal that the salience of religious boundaries is associated with less perceived discrimination among Muslim minorities, while secular orientations among the majority seem to be more decisive for subjective perceptions of feeling discriminated against. Overall, the results thus challenge the role of religion as an ethno-religious demarcation and point to the relevance of secular boundaries of belonging for immigrant integration.     

20世纪中国文学的价值辨析

20世纪的中国文学作为一种价值性存在,其价值走向经历了戊戌文学革新时启蒙社会、开通民智的文学救国论;五四时期以民主与科学实现人的启蒙与觉醒,文学完成了从古典形态到现代形态的整体转换;30年代在救亡背景下的文学社会化转向;40-70年代大众化的政治工具论;80年代在非艺术的轰动中复兴文学之梦,以找回人的尊严和文学自信;90年代在边缘中寻找本位,文学在非轰动的艺术坚守中回到自身等发展阶段.基于历史的逻辑和理论的逻辑,可以对百年中国文学的价值范式作出这样几种判断一是意义认同--社会本位的"世纪波";二是形态复归--构筑价值载体的"同心圆";三是本体认知--价值转型、价值游离、价值接轨的"三级跳"等.     

农民工就业歧视分析

由劳动力歧视引出目前我国普遍存在的农民工就业歧视现象。从市场和制度两个方面入手,分析了农民工在就业市场上所受的歧视待遇;从传统思想、市场因素、制度措施等几点试讨论其形成原因,并提出一些解决的思路。